The objective of the project is the design of an imager chip for laser-scanned 3-D depth/range finding. The project is divided into two modules: Pixel Array/Centroid Detection and Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC). The pixel array/centroid detector tracks the centroid of the laser beam as its scans the object while the ADC converts the analog out
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put of the centroid into digital format. The conversion into digital ensures that the result is readily available for further processing in the digital domain. The pixel array/centroid detector is described first. The pixel and centroid system works in the following way. A laser is scanned across an object continuously in the vertical direction and discretely in the horizontal direction. The laser beam reflects off the surface of the target. Because the imager observes the object from a different angle than that of the laser source, the surface depth is recorded as a horizontal deflection of the projected laser beam. The figure below illustrates the system overview. As the laser illuminates more than a single pixel, a distribution of the incident light intensity is recorded on the imager. The discrete distribution is observed as photocurrents along columns of pixels of the imager. If we were to just use a winner-takes-all decision circuit to extract the horizontal deflection of the laser beam, we would be getting single pixel accuracy. By finding the center of this distribution we find our deflection value with sub-pixel accuracy. Only deflections in one axis are recorded and used. Therefore there is no need for a full N x N array of photo pixels. At the same time, the decision circuit will require that all the pixel output currents in a single column be summed together. Rather than summing the pixel outputs, a single large...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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