The all-analog circuit presented controls the rateat which a miniature turbojet engine can be throttled. Increasing or decreasing the throttle too quickly on a miniature turbojet engine, or any jet engine, can lead to quick failure in flight, causing expensive repairs and potential safety problems due to flameouts. This circuit can be used as an analog
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backup circuit in a microcomputer-based throttle controller, or as the primary throttle-rate controller. The response rate, servo direction, clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) gain (end points) and servo-centering parameters are adjustable. This circuit, Figure 1, takes a received radio-control, incoming positive-going pulse which varies from 1 to 2 ms (the standard for most aircraft radio-control systems), at a fixed frame rate of 20 ms, integrates it over time. It uses the output of the integrator to control the output pulse width of a 555 IC monostable multivibrator. The rate of pulse-width change is determined by the effective integrator time constant, R24 and VR1 in series, C1, and the duty cycle of the incoming pulse stream. Q1 is switched on for the duration of the positive-going pulse, applying +5 V to the integrator-input resistor, R24 and VR1 in series. The circuit is designed such that a point will be reached where the effective charge rate-based on the input pulse width-and the reset/discharge rate of integration capacitor C1 by R1, balances for each positive-pulse duration, causing the output of integrator U3 to stabilize at a DC value as a function of the received-pulse width. An LTC2054 zero-drift op amp is used for the integrator. This op amp has an ultralow input bias current, ±1 pA (typical) and ±150 pA (maximum), offset voltage of 3 V and a drift spec of 30 nV/ °C (maximum>. The open-loop gain of...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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