This LASER is constructed on a polystirene sheet. An alluminium layer foil is placed and acts as a ground plate ( - ), this is important for preionization (i will discuss it later). After that the dielectic is placed on it leaving 1 cm from each border of the foil). The dielectric thickness determinates the max voltage, capacitance, and important
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, the inductance. Thicker foil means less capacitance, more voltage and more inductance(since the loop area increases). Many reports that the inductance grows faster than voltage so the risetime is reduced (di/dt = V/L). Less capacitance means also less energy for bang. Many peoples reports that thinner foil works better but has a limited lifetime and limited voltage strenght, so the spark gap must be brought closer. After placing the dielectric I proceed to place the cap plates (separate) made with alu foil. The cap plates but be at 0. 5 cm from each other, not closer (or will arc-over), not farther (or we will loss preionization, that helps to trigger the lasing). The caps must be clamped with other polystirene sheets and with bolts/nuts. After that the electrodes were placed touching the foil and with adjustable distance. The charging inductor is some turns of enamel wire connecting the two plates, must be optimized for best performance (squeezing or wideing it). The spark gap must be closer as possible to ground plane to minimize inductance (read further to know why). The electrodes distance must be adjusted for the best performance. When it will lase, a strong fluorescence will appear on paper or marker. Having some Fluorescein will visualize the beam. The power supply must be current limited or you will fire some hudred shots in a couple of seconds. The best repetition rate is 1shot/second or more, to put less stress...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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