An LED is an electronic component or semiconductor to be more precise. This means that it is neither a conductor (something that conducts electricity) or insulator (something that does not conduct electricity) - it is something in between. LED is an acronym for Light Emitting Diode. Simply put, a diode is a device that only allows current flow in
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one direction and blocks it flowing in the other direction. The LED is a diode that emits light when current flows through it in the correct direction. This also means that the LED is a polarized device - it has a positive and negative side (also known as anode and cathode respectively). If it is not the right way around in the circuit to be used, current will not flow and no light will be emitted. LEDs also don`t like to be installed the wrong way around. One a certain voltage level is reached, the LED can self-destruct if installed back-to-front. Each leg of an LED is identified by its length. The longer leg is known as the anode or positive side The shorter leg is known as the cathode, or negative side. Normally, looking from the top, there is a "flat" side of the LED - this also signifies the cathode. To use an LED, you should find out the specifications about their performance. This will show things like viewing angle, voltage, current required, possibly the light wavelength emitted and a few other parameters. The main ones are voltage and current. As a general rule of thumb, the voltage could be considered as 2V, and current considered as 20mA (milli-amps, or 0. 02A). If you don`t know the particular specifications of the LED you are using (it could be 1. 8V or 2. 2V or 30mA for example), use the above rule-of-thumb figures. For a basic circuit of a single LED and power source, a resistor (a semiconductor that has a...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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