An edge combiner comprising MOSFETs C and D has to generate a 16ps pulse. Centre frequency as a function of NMOS width Wser over inverter width Winv. Figure 12. Illustration of transmitted, reflected, dissipated and leaked signals of a switch in the (a) ON and (b) OFF states of the modulator when the millimeter-wave signal travels
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from source to the load. Figure 13. a) Impedance transformation along the modulator and (b) calculated reflected, dissipated and leaked powers as a function of the transmission line distance between switches. Figure 16. Transient simulation; (a) 200ps applied data pulse, and responses of (b) the gate voltage of the NMOSFET switch, and (c) input and (d) output signals. Figure 22. Architecture of (a) a single-ended millimeter-wave pulse transmitter with off-chip 60GHz CW source and (b) a proposed differential-ended pulse transmitter with on-chip 60GHz CW source. Figure 27. Measured (a) operating frequency of the oscillator and (b) power dissipation and output millimeter-wave power of the oscillator as a function of supply voltage. Millimeter waves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 1 to 10 mm in vacuum, and they were discovered experimentally in the 19th century ( Wiltse, 1984 ). In 1946, the most unique feature of millimeter waves, oxygen absorption at 60 GHz, was reported, which results in the rapid attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the air ( Beringer, 1946 ). Although the oxygen absorption makes long-distance wireless communication difficult, it enables us to allocate a wide frequency band, which realizes ultra-high-speed communication greater than 1Gbps (gigabits-per-second). Recently, the well-known feature of millimeter-wave communication has attracted attention again because millimeter-wave circuits...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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