The schematic for controlling the motors is split up into three main parts, with each part having a unique functionality. The main parts used and seen in the schematic below are the 18F252, SN754410 and 2N2222 Transistors. Seen at the very top, the microcontroller circuit consists of the PIC 18F252, its 40 MHz crystal, a few LEDs, the enable l
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ines going to the motor controller and the PWM signals going to the PWM inversion circuit and the motor controller. Two transistors ( 2n2222 ) are used to invert the two PWM signals that are travelling to the motor controller. This is done because the motor controller needs to have both the `positive` PWM signal and the `negative` PWM signal in what is called a differential pair. The motor controller cannot control our DC motors without both the positive and negative PWM signals. The main part used for the motor control circuit is the SN754410. This is a quadrule half h-bridge motor controller IC. To use this motor controller, you must input a differential PWM signal, provide power and ground and enable the bank to start-up your motors. The control signals that will tell the motor controller to do all this will be sent from the PIC.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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