A DC-to-DC step-up converter is traditionally implemented using transformer, working by converting the DC voltage to AC Voltage, step-up it using transformer, then rectify and filter the transformer`s output to get a higher DC voltage. Using a switching method, we can step-up a voltage without a transformer. We just need an inductor which is drive
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n by a switching transistor to boost the voltage. This circuit store the electric energy in an inductor before it is added to the input voltage, so this circuit is different than capacitor charge pump that store the electric energy using a capacitor. The most interesting this is that circuit use a discrete components: no integrated chip is required, only few transistors with few passive components. Because the switching topology is a boost converter, this circuit cannot be operated as step-down regulator, so the output will always be higher than the input. The voltage output is depend on the load because the feedback mechanism, through the zener diode, will maintain the output at about 14 volt, regardless the voltage input variation and load current variation. The current from the voltage divider will flow through the zener diode if the output goes higher than the nominal value, and this condition will stop the oscillator built around the 2N3904 transistors. Stopping the oscillator will drop the output voltage and thus maintain the required voltage level at the output. This transistors (Q1, Q2, and Q3) form a Schmidt trigger that drive the final transistor Q4 (the switching transistor 2N3053 ). This circuit is suitable for battery booster, if you need to run your 12 volt equipments on your old car that provide only a 6V supply from the battery. The output of this voltage doubler can be adjusted by changing the voltage...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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