The concept of an AC model for the triode is presented and the equivalent circuit technique is described. Theoretical calculations for amplifier gain and frequency response are derived and compared to simulation results in the SPICE3 environment where good agreement is shown. The characteristic properties of AC and DC signals are apparent from fun
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damental circuit theory. As an example, a capacitor behaves as a DC block. However, it will pass AC signals in general, but the transfer will be contigent upon signal frequency, type of capacitor, and total capacitance. Here it should be noted that these differences are attributed to the mechanism of current flow in each case. DC signals move charge by conduction. Electrons from one part of the circuit travel continuously to another point due to an electric field that is created by a potential difference, or voltage. Once the capacitor is charged up by the conduction of charge to each plate, the capacitor appears as an open circuit to DC signals. By contrast, AC signals move through capacitors by the mechanism of displacement. Small amounts of charge are moved to and from the plates of the capacitor. They are not conducted through the capacitor. However, this displacement of charge is the means by which AC signals propagate through capacitors. Lastly, it is important to understand that the AC signal is superimposed upon the DC signal and thus the two components obey the mathematical laws of superposition: namely, the AC and DC components can be considered separately and superimposed. However, it should be noted that this is only true to a first order since AC nonlinearities in the tube will give rise to DC components, but this is beyond the scope of this paper. It is equally important to recognize that the two components...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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