It is possible to apply switch-mode approaches to a silicon CMOS semiconductor process to fabricate a current-mode power amplifier with high gain and efficiency for use in 2. 4-GHz wireless applications. Amplification at 2. 4 GHz is necessary for a number of different wireless applications, and CMOS offers a low-cost and effective process for achieving respectable gain at that frequency. In support of
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wireless transmitters at 2. 4 GHz, a 2. 4-GHz CMOS current-mode power amplifier was developed for improved efficiency. It consists of two differential amplifier stages. The first stage is a driver evolved from current mirrors, while the second stage is a current-mode Class D amplifier. All components, including the inductors, are on the CMOS chip. Simulations performed with a commercial computer-aided-engineering (CAE) software package (from Cadence Design Systems ) indicate high power-added efficiency (PAE) of 40% with 0. 25-W saturated output power and high gain when operating at a 3. 3-VDC supply. The rapid growth of wireless devices and services has driven the need for practical solid-state devices, including amplifiers. Many applications are being served by single-chip radios. 1 Many of the RF front-end functions, such as the low-noise amplifier (LNA), frequency mixer, and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) serving as the radio`s local oscillator (LO) have been integrated onto a single chip using silicon CMOS processes. But some of the limitations of CMOS technology ”such as thermal dissipation, power efficiency, and supply voltage ”have prevented the integration of the power amplifier (PA) output stage. 2 Of course, the PA is a key part of a 2. 4-GHz wireless radio, supporting the transmitter section. PA performance can be judged by a number of parameters, including output power, gain, and efficiency, with one of...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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