GPIO, as may have been explained in other tutorials, stands for General Purpose Input/Output and a GPIO pin can be set high (taking the value 1) by connecting it to a voltage supply, or set low (taking the value 0) by connecting it to ground. The Raspberry Pi can set the pin to take either value and treat it as an output, or it can detect the value of the pin and treat it as an input. There are twenty-six pins
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in total: three power supply pins, 3V3 (3. 3V), 5V0 (5. 0V) and GND (0V); 6 DNC (do not connect) pins; and seventeen GPIO pins. Some of these seventeen pins have alternative functions as well, but we won`t dwell on those now. A breadboard has several key features. It has red and blue lines which demarcate the holes belonging to the supply voltage rails (which will be 3. 3V for our purposes since the GPIO pins operate at 3. 3V) and ground rails (GND) respectively. The holes in the same group are linked via connections inside the breadboard. The rest of the pin holes can be grouped into segments of 5 shown in the black boxes. The holes in each segment are linked together, but the segments are not connected to one another. GPIO10 is used as an output. When it is set low, the LED will be turned on, and vice-versa when it is set high. GPIO8 is used as an input, so when the pushbutton switch is pressed the pin is set high. Connect the LED along with the 270 resistor and wire them to the 3. 3V rail according to the circuit diagram. You will need to refer to the technical datasheet (this is only for the specific LED used in this tutorial) to determine which pin should be connected to the voltage supply (positive rail) and which should be connected to the pin (negative). From the datasheet, the shorter pin is labelled anode` and should be connected to the positive rail. The datasheets are usually found on the product page for...
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