Voltage to Current Circuits
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A simple voltage-to-current converter is shown in the figure. The current out is 0t or Vjn/R. For negative currents, a pnp can be used and, for better accuracy, a Darlington pah-can be substituted for the transistor. With careful design, this circuit can be.... -
The current out is Iqut—Vin/R. For negative currents, a PNP can be used and, for better accuracy,-a Darlington pair can be substituted for the transistor. With careful design, this circuit can be used to control currents of many amps.. -
This 5-V circuit utilizes a servo-controlled dc/dc converter to generate the compliance voltage necessary for loop-.. -
This circuit switches its dc/dc converter, IC1, off whenever the large filter capacitor, C6, has suffic.. -
Figure 1 shows a classic voltage-to-current (V/I) converter. You can select the resistor values such that the output current in the load, RL, varies only with the input voltage, VIN, and is independent of RL. The circuit is widely used in industrial.... -
The voltage-to-current converter in Figure 1 can both source and sink current. The circuit is more flexible than some traditional current references that require different topologies for current sourcing and sinking. Also, you can easily adjust the value of....
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The voltage-to-current (V/I) converter in Figure 1 uses three common op amps, two medium-power transistors, and only a few passive components. The first op amp (IC1) inverts the sum of voltages VIN and VOUT to V1=-(VIN+VOUT). The second op amp (IC2) and....
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The circuit in Figure 1 performs active voltage-to-current conversion or acts as a variable-gain current mirror with high precision and bandwidth. A typical application is testing high-speed ICs or other devices that have inputs designed to be driven from....
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his Circuit converts a voltage control output from a Process Controller to be converted into a Current Control if the AC-Drive or Valve needs a Current Control Signal. This is a three wire voltage to current loop converter. The 1-5 V DC is attenuated and fed.... -
This voltage to current converter uses three op amps to drive a pair of power transistors. The current output is calculated as: IOUT=Vin/R6 Output resistance is over 50 M?. IOUT can range from 1 mA to the current ratings of T1 and T2.... -
As shown in the picture, when the output current exceeds 40mA the internal resistance 50? in the XTR110 (R9) should be replaced by external resistance REXT. REXT is connected between the 13 foot and 16 foot. REXY=R9(original span/required span). For example,.... -
In order to remove circulating current of zero-voltage switch three-level DC converter in zero state, we come up with kind of zero-voltage zero-current switch three-level DC converter circuit. The circuit is shown in the following diagram 1, the main....
New Circuits
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
By adding a small amount of noise to a signal to be digitized (about 0.7 bit): where: n = #
Originally, this circuit was used to sense a low-water level in a Christmas tree stand, but the...
The build makes use of a 10 x 20 grid of RGB LEDs controlled by the myRIO. It`s played by using a...
Making a timer that is used for circuit training or boxing training etc. Here is the cycle I am...
An electrical circuit that ensures that when two or more generators are connected in parallel to...
This circuit was designed to protect a computer monitor from overheating. It is recommended to...
Summing amplifier or an adder is used to sum two signal voltages. Voltage adder circuit is a...
Here is a simple but effective battery charger circuit using IC LM 317. The circuit can be used...
A circuit to extract and measure the modulated carrier of an Infra Red remote control. Note that...
Insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) require full protection to avoid damage and failures...
This circuit is very similar with a car radio controlled toy with seven control functions:...
VHF overtone crystals can be difficult to use due to the many frequencies at which the crystal is...
As shown in FIG measuring temperature alarm circuit to the Treasury. The device consists of...
Automotive electronic locks circuit principle is shown in Fig. ICl dedicated lock IC 5G058, it O...
Fade-in fade-out light switch can turn on and off when the lamp brightness changes slowly, and...