Analog to Digital

You can couple an LM75 digital output-temperature sensor through an isolated I2C (interintegrated circuit) interface (see Reference) as shown in Figure 1. Electrically isolating the sensor allows operation in situations prone to high common-mode voltages; it`s also useful in breaking ground loops. IC1 and IC2 comprise a bidirectional isolator. Assume an initial high state on the serial-data (SDA) bus. The normal rest state for both the SDA and SCL (serial clock) lines of the I2C bus is high...

Most current microprocessors, DSPs, and field-programmable gate arrays integrate hardware and software resources that support either or both of two common interface standardsSPI (serial-peripheral interface) and I2C (inter-IC)/SMBus. Both two-wire-interface standards suffer from a few crucial disadvantages. For example, I2C`s throughput rates are 100 kbps, 400 kbps, or 3.4 Mbps in standard-, fast-, and high-speed modes, respectively, and can thus restrain a fast peripheral data converter`s sample rate...

Flash analog-to-digital converters, also known as parallel ADCs, are the fastest way to convert an analog signal to a digital signal. Flash ADCs are ideal for applications requiring very large bandwidth, however, they typically consume more power than other ADC architectures and are generally limited to 8-bits resolution. Flash ADCs are made by cascading high-speed comparators. Each comparator represents 1 LSB, and the output code can be determined in one compare cycle. This tutorial will also talk about flash converters vs. other converter types...

Integrating analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) provide high resolution analog-to-digital conversions, with good noise rejection. These ADCs are ideal for digitizing low bandwidth signals, and are used in applications such as digital multi-meters and panel meters. They often include LCD or LED drivers and can be used stand alone without a microcontroller host. The following article explains how integrating ADCs work. Discussions include single-, dual- and multi-slope conversions...

Many of today`s instrumentation and process control applications convert the analog output of a sensor for processing and/or storage using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). For voltage input ADCs, three different input structure types exist: Single-Ended, Pseudo-Differential and Fully-Differential. This tutorial explains the differences, advantages and tradeoffs between the input types...

Digital radios offer many technical advantages over their analog predecessors, allowing flexible new designs and attractive features. Not only can digital radios detect digital modulation, they can also detect information applied to carriers by analog techniques, such as AM and FM. Furthermore, because the core of a digital radio is its DSP, one receiver can simultaneously detect analog and digital modulation if the hardware preceding the DSP is properly designed. The key to digital radios is the software that runs the DSP...