Light Laser LED Circuits

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Infrared Circuits

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Fiber-optic-link

The circuit shows a simplex fiber link between the NE5080 transmitter and the NE5081 receiver. The components shown are for a center frequency of 5 MHz, although this frequency can be increased to 20 MHz with proper selection of external component values. The NE5539 has a 530-MHz unity gain bandwidth which could limit maximum... .
100M-baud-fiber-optic-receiver

This two-chip receiver with minimum external component count has been designed for low-cost fiber optic applications to 100-M baud (50 MHz). The receiver is divided into pre-and postamplifier !Cs for increased stability. The preamplifier IC features low noise with a differential transresistance design. The postamplifier IC incorporates an... .
Fiber-optic-receiver

The optical signal is coupled to the pin diode. Current flowing in the diode also flows into the input of the NE5211 preamplifier. The preamplifier is a fixed-gain block that has a 28-K!J differential transimpedance and does a single-ended to differential conversion. With the signal in differential form, greater noise immunity is assured. The... .
Ring-around-led-flasher

When power is first turned on, two of the LEDs are on and the other two remain off until the timing cycle reverses. The LEDs flash in pairs, but by pressing and holding Sl closed until only one of the LEDs is on, and then releasing it, the four LEDs can be made to flash in sequential order. The number of LEDs flashing in a sequential ring can... .
Three-year-led-flasher

Inserting two 1-MO resistors, R1 and R2, in the output stage of one of the circuit"s inverters limits the current needed by the oscillator tone more than a few pA. This circuit includes a CD4007 package, which has three CMOS inverters. It forms a standard three-inverter oscillator. Resistors R1 and R2, in series with separate drains on... .
Alternating-led-flasher

The timing components are Rl, R2, and C,. Cl is a bypass capacitor used to reduce the effects of noise. At start-up, the voltage across C, is less than the trigger level voltage (1/3 Vnn). causing the timer to be triggered via pin 2. The output of the timer at pin 3 increases, turning LEDl off, LED2 on, the discharge transistor at pin 7 off,... .
Cmos-flasher

Uses a low cost CMOS IC to tum four LEDs on and off at a rate that is set by the values of R1, R2, Cl, and C2. The pulse rate for the component values given for R1 and R2 is about one cycle every four seconds. By lowering the values of Rl and R2 to 220 KO, the pulse rate increases to 1Hz. The LEDs flash in pairs, with LEDl and LED4 turning... .
Minimum-component-flasher

Opening SA, changes the indicator lamp from flashing to steady-lit condition. The 6-V incandescent lamp on the collector of Q2 requires about 0.3 A. A 1-KO load resistor limits Ql"s collector current to about 6 mA. .
Lamp-flasher

The circuit is built around two power FETs, which are configured as a simple astable multivibrator to alternately switch the two lamps on and off. The rc values given sets the flash rate to about 1/3 Hz. By varying either the resistor or capacitor values, almost any flash rate can be obtained. Increase either Cl and C2, or Rl and R2, and... .
Visual-level-indicator

This indicator is basically a switch with hysteresis characteristics. If the input voltage momentarily (or permanently) exceeds the most positive reference level, LEDl is switched on. If, on the other hand, the voltage falls below the negative, or least positive, reference level, LEDl will be switched off and LED2 switched on. .
Infrared-wireless-speaker-system

Although theIR region is free from radio interference, it is subject to interference from incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, stray reflections, and other sources. A simple way to overcome that problem is to create a carrier by chopping the IR radiation at a rate of 100 kHz. The audio then modulates the carrier by modulating the chopping... .
Long-range-object-detector

When long ranges must be worked with IR light sources, and when high system reliability is required, pulsed-mode operation of the IRis required. Additional reliability of operation is attained by synchronously detecting the photodetector current, as this circuit does. PC-1 is an IR and phototransistor pair which detect the presence of an... .
Ir-receiver

Infrared emissions detected by Ql are fed through Ula to Ulb, which amplifies the signal by a factor of 100. The amplified output ofUlb is fed to Ulc through R9, C2, and R6. Potentiometer R9 serves as a volume control. With R9 set to pass the maximum signal, Ulc provides a gain of 100, for a total system gain oflO,OOO dB. .
Ir-transmitter

The transmitter consists of an oscillator which drives a high output IR emitting diode. The oscillator is a sJire start multivibrator circuit that provides an output of 15 to 1000 mark to space ratio at a frequency of 1 kHz. This large mark to space ratio allows the IR diode to be operated at a high peak current, provided by the ZTX600... .
Digital-ir-transmitter

Gates U1a and U1b are configured as a low-frequency oscillator. The output waveform at pin 11 is nonsymmetrical with the positive portion of the signal, making up only 20% of the time period. Diode D1, a 1N914 general-purpose unit, together with C1, R1, and R2, determine the on time for the positive portion of the output waveform. The off, or... .
Simple-ir-detector

This simple IR detector turns on a real LED when Q2 is exposed to invisible IR radiation found in fiber-optics systems, position sensors, and TV remote-control units. The device can be built on top of a 9V battery and held in place with RTV. Its power dissipation is virtually zero, unless IR radiation or high ambient light is present. Normal... .
Halogen-lamp-dimmer

This circuit is suitable for fitting into slide projectors without a dimmer facility as witb 24-Vac fed halogen lamps. With a few small alterations, it can also be used for dimming 12-V halogen lamps, but not those in a car, because these are fed from a de source. The circuit shown in Fig. 50-1a is intended for operation from a 24-Vac supply,... .
Pseudorandom-sequencer

This pseudorandom sequencer drives a solid-state relay. If you power a low-wattage lamp from the relay, the lamp will appear to flicker like a candle"s flame in the wind; using higher-wattage lamps allows you to simulate the blaze of a fireplace or campfire. You can enhance the effect by using three or more such circuits to power an array of... .
Light-modulator

The lights seem to dance in time with the music. Line-voltage lamps of about 40 to 100 W do nicely. The current for the lamp is from an SCR. When low-level audio is present across Tl, SCR1 is not triggered into conduction. A louder signal, however, triggers the SCR so that the lamp lights and follows the sounds. .
Lamp-life-extender

Lamp life can be extended by improving the conditions under which its filament is operated. This includes eliminating the inrush overcurrent surge and reduclog the mechanical stress (vibration) on the filament caused by an ac source. The circuit shown controls the inrush current to the lamp without the 10 to 15 times-rated current stage... .
Phase-control

This circuit uses a PUT for phases control of an SCR. The relaxation oscillator formed by Q2 provides conduction control of Ql from 1 to 7.8 ms or 21.6Â° to 168.5Â°. This constitutes control of over 97% of the power available to the load. .
800W-soft-start-light-dimmer

The zener provides a constant voltage of 20 V to unijunction transistor Ql, except at the end of each half-cycle of the input when the line voltage drops to zero. Initially, the voltage across capacitor Cl is zero and capacitor C2 cannot charge to trigger Ql. Cl will begin to charge, but because the voltage is low, C2 will be charged to a... .
Solid-state-light-dissolver

The dimming action is controlled by varying the amount of current passed through triac Q4 and, thus, the lamp plugged into ac receptacle SOL Unijunction transistor Q3 operates as a relaxation oscillator whose output pulse frequency depends on how fast capacitor C2 recharges after firing. Transistors Ql and Q2 furnish the charging current,... .
8W-fworescent-lamp-inverter

This circuit has been designed to drive an 8-W fluorescent lamp from a 12-V source using an inexpensive inverter based on the ZTX652 transistor. The inverter will operate from supplies in the range of 10 to 16.5 V, thus making it suitable for use in on-charge systems such as caravanettes as well as periodically charged systems, such as... .
Pulse-width-lamp-brightness-controller

At half brightness, the lamp current is pulsed on and off (Fig. 50-12b) by the voltage developed across the resistor and capacitor at the current-sense output. Lamp current is sensed by the current-sense output. A simple pulse-width modulation lamp-brightness control circuit can also be built with the device. When the device powers up, the... .
Visible-red-continuous-laser-gun

Ql and Q2 switch the primary windings of transformer Tl via a square wave at a frequency determined by its magnetic properties. Diodes Dl and D2 provide base return paths for the feedback current of Ql and Q2. The output winding of T1 is connected to a multiple section voltage multiplier. That multiplier consists of capacitors Cl through C5... .
Laser-diode-pulsers

The laser diodeÂ·pulser is a simple drive circuit capable of driving the laser diode with 10-A, 20-ns pulses. For a 0.1 % duty cycle, the repetition rate will be 50 kHz. A complementary emitter follower is used as a driver. Switching speed is determined by the h of the bipolar transistors used and the impedance of the drive source. A faster... .
Led-peakmeter

The Â·circuit includes a peak detector that irrunediately drives the readout to any new higher signal level and slowly lowers it after the signal drops to zero. The readout is a moving dot or expanding bar display. The circuit can be expanded for a longer bar readout. Tapping five or more LED peakmeters into a frequency equalizer or series of... .
Pulse-amplitude-discriminator

A 1-V amplitude pulse triggers SCSl, but has insufficient amplitude to trigger SCS2. A 3-V input pulse is delayed in reaching SCSl by the 10-KO and .001-!"F integrating network. Instead, it triggers SCS2, then raises the common emitter voltage to prevent SCSI from triggering. .
Ambient-light-ignoring-sensor

A resonance-tuned narrow-band amplifier reduces this optical object detector"s sensitivity to stray light. C1 and L1 in IC2A"s feedback loop cause tbe op amp to pass only those frequencies at or near the LED"s 5-kHz modulation rate. .
Photodiode-source-follower

A common method of transforming the output current of a photodiode into a voltage signal, paralleling the photodiode with a high-value load resistor, produces a nonlinear response. Also the combination of the load"s transresistance, Rr. and the photodiode"s junction capacitance, C" slows the circuit"s response time. Figure 67-11B shows... .
Variable-strobe-light

In this strobe-light, two circuits are needed; one circuit charges a capacitor placing 320 V de between the cathode and anode of the flashtube. The other circuit provides bursts of approximately 4000 V to trigger the flashtube into conduction. The voltage-doubler works by summing two equal voltages in series, which results in a doubling of... .

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