Meters Circuits
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The calibrator can be used to check the accuracy of a time-base generator, as well as to calibrate the input level of amplifiers. The calibrator consists of an NE555 connected in the astable mode. The oscillator is set to exactly 1 kHz by adjusting.... -
This circuit provides 20 ±0.1 dB voltage gain from 0. 5 to 25 MHz and ± 3 dB from 70 kHz to 55 MHz. An LM733 video amplifier furnishes a low input-noise spec, 10-I"V typical, measured over a 15.7-MHz bandwidth. .. -
The operation of the unit revolves around three !Cs: a 4093 quad NAND Schmitt trigger, a 4066 quad analog switch, and a 7555 timer. When a high is fed to probe 1 in, it is inverted to IC1a and once again by IC1b, so that the input to IC2a is high. Thathigh.... -
This circuit provides about 20 dB voltage gain with a frequency range from 0.5 to 50 MHz. You can extend tbe low-frequency response of this circuit by increasing tbe value of the 0.05-ILF capacitor- or try removing tbe capacitor. This circuit delivers a.... -
The circuit will provide a 20 ±0.1 dB voltage gain from 500 kHz to 50 MHz. The low-frequency response of the amplifier can be extended by increasing the value of the 0.05-JLF capacitor connected in series with the input terminal. This circuit will yield.... -
The circuit"s input op amp triggers the timer, sets its flip-flop and cuts off its discharge transistor so that capacitor C can charge. When capacitor voltage reaches the timer"s control voltage of 0.33 Vee. the flip-flop resets and the transistor.... -
IC1a, IC1b, and IC1c of the quad two-input NAND gate 4011 are connected as an astable multivibrator; IC1d is connected as an inverter. Terminals 3 and 11 of the 4011 produce square waves with opposite phases. The square waves, eP, at the output of IC1a,.... -
Two important properties of the 8043 are used to advantage in this circuit. The low input bias currents give rise to slow output decay rates (droop) in the hold mode, while the high slew rate at 6 V/p,s improves the tracking speed and the response time of.... -
Feedback is the same as a conventional op-amp voltage follower which yields 11 unity-gain, noninverting output. This hookup also has a very high input impedance. The only difference between a track-and-hold and a sample-and-hold is the time period.... -
This circuit uses the speed and drive capability of the HA-5190 coupled with two high-speed DMOS FET switches. The input amplifier is allowed to operate at a gain of -5, although the overall circuit gain is unity. .. -
Itis often required that a signal be filtered prior to sampling. This can be accomplished with only one device. Use any of the inverting and noninverting filters that can be built with op amps. .. -
The sample-and-hold function has often been accomplished with separate analog switches and op amps. These designs always involve performance tradeoffs between acquisition time, charge injection, and droop rate. The HA-242-/2425 monolithic.... -
The LM101A provides gain and buffers the input from storage capacitor C2. R2 adds a zero in the open loop response to compensate for the pole caused by the switch resistance and C2, improving the closed-loop stability. R1 provides a slight delay in the.... -
Channel 1 is wired as a voltage follower and is turned on during the track/sample time. Ifthe product of R x Cis sufficiently short compared to the period of maximum output frequency, or sample time; Cwill charge to the output level. .. -
This illustrates another application in which the hookup versatility of a sample-and-hold often elimi nates the need for a separate op amp and a sampleand- hold module. .. -
This tachometer lets you measure heartbeats, respiratory rates, and other low-frequency events that recur at intervals of 0.33 to 40.96 seconds. The circuit senses the period offm, computes the equivalent pulses per minute, and updates the LCD accordingly..... -
A standard shaft encoder"s A and B ports generate square waves with the same frequency as the shaft turns. The phase of A will lead or lag that of B by 90°, ~depending on the direction of rotation. To obtain maximum resolution, the tachometer circuit must.... -
If the tube is level with respect to gravity, the bubble resides in the tube"s center and the electrode resistances to common are identical. As the tube shifts away from level, the resistances increase and decrease proportionally. Transducers of this type.... -
The 5-MHz track and hold shown here has a 400-kHz power bandwidth driving ±10 V. A buffered input follower drives the hold capacitor, C4, through Ql, a low resistance FET switch. The positive hold conuuand is supplied by TTL logic, with Q3Ievel shifting.... -
When the switch is closed or the FET is conducting, the circuit behaves as an inverting amplifier with a gain of R2/Rl. Since as the inverting tenninal of the op amp is a virtual ground, the capacitor is kept charged to the output voltage by the op amp..... -
This circuit reads and stores voltages, tbus freezing the meter reading even after tbe probes are removed. The op amp is configured as a unitygain voltage follower, witb C1 situated at tbe input to store tbe voltage. For better performance, use an.... -
In a single difference amplifier configuration, the AM-427 exhibits excellent common-mode rejection and spot nois.. -
An Intersil 7101 31/2-digit A/D converter is used to display the duty cycle of a pulse train as a percentage. The frequ.. -
This simple adapter uses an oscillator (567) to drive a counter (U2) and switch (U3) that selects the outpu.. -
This system can be used with 4-, 6-, or 8-cylinder automobiles. The timebase formed by IC5 is an oscillator th.. -
This circuit develops an output voltage that is proportional to the magnetic induction, B, flowing through its probe"s coi.. -
When an input voltage is positive, the output of ICA is negative and diode D does not conduct; hence the outp.. -
This circuit measures capacitance by the time it takes an unknown capacitor to reach 6.32 V (10 V 63% or 1RC time const.. -
Sometimes electrolytic capacitors that are stored for some time will exhibit high leakage currents.. -
The equivalent series resistance (ESR) of a capacitor can be measured using this circuit and an ac voltmeter. Ul fun.. -
The circuit uses a synchronous-detection scheme to measure low-level resistances. Other low-resis-tance-measuring circui.. -
This continuity checker (built around an LM339 quad comparator with open-collector outputs) eliminates false r..
New Circuits
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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