8 Channel PWM with AT90S1200


Posted on Jul 30, 2012

The assembly code given here was written to see what it would take to make an AT90S1200 generate 8 channels of proper PWM. In this case, by proper, I mean with the maximum high frequency content consistent with the needed duty cycle and give clock. Take a look at the scope shots below and notice that when the data value is =$02, there pulse frequency is twice that which occurs when the data value is =$01. The significance of this is that the percent of ripple voltage out of the low pass filter stays much more constant as the data values change than they would with a conventional PWM that merely varies the width of a single pulse (see the auto zero code for the RF Field Strength Probe for an example of code that does this). Take a look at the pictures below to see the effect.


8 Channel PWM with AT90S1200
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.

When running with a 4 MHz clock, this code provides 8 channels of 8 bit resolution with a 60 Hz minimum frequency (which occur at data values of $01 and $FF. By adjusting the interrupt timer reload value, the minimum frequency can be taken to 100 Hz, but at the cost of time available for other tasks. Of course, changing the clock oscillator frequency is another way to increase the minimum frequency. The code was originally written for and tested on an AT90S1200A, I also merged it with a monitor program and tested it on an AT90S2313. Thus, it can be adapted to a variety of AVR chips, including those with really limited resources such as the ATTiny12 easily. The code Here is the assembly code for the PWM routine. This code is an example program with the routines necessary to make the PWM machine work, but it only drives values that are preprogrammed in as constants at assembly time. Adding an interface so the PWM values can be adjusted in real time is left as an exercize for the student. Performance Step size is very good. The largest one I found was about 1/2 lsb (See the table near bottom of this page). I measured this with a single pole RC filter and a 3-1/2 digit DVM, so I suspect that the apparent 1/2 lsb step error is actually much smaller and the error is really the result of the resolution of the measurement. PWM dacs can be very, very linear. What was surprising was to find some cross talk from another...




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