AC-DC & DC-DC Circuits
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The amplifier feeding to the final amplification stage is performed with unstabilized voltage. The output stage, due to push-pull operation, has a large rejection of the supply voltage. The various other steps, however, do not have the same rejection and.... -
The power supply circuitry consists of a 220/2 * 18V / 3.5A transformer, a rectifier, a smoothing filter, a power amplifier, LM301, and two regulators LM317 and LM337. The theoretical of the circuit is shown in the figure. The voltage from the transformer is.... -
At the left side (input AC) goes the secondary of a 220 volt (primary) 18 Volt (secondary) / 3 Ampere mains transformer. The alternating voltage of 18 volts from its secondary transformer is rectified by the diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4, which are connected to a.... -
This power supply is dedicated for use with rf equipments like, linear amplifiers, transmitters, receivers, and in every application that clean an-noisy signal is required. The circuit is very simple and you can drive it with a 220V/18V/3A transformer at the.... -
The circuit provides a simple and cost-effective solution to matching resistors and capacitors. Impedances ZR and Zx form a half-bridge, while OSC and OSC excite the bridge differentially. The external op amp is a FET input amplifier (LF356) with very low.... -
The transistor is connected as an audio oscillator, using an audio transformer in the collector. The secondary goes to a linear pot... -
A silicon-controlled rectifier is installed in parallel with the 12-V line and connected to a normally-closed 12-V relay, K1. The SCR's gate circuit is used to sample the applied voltage. As long as the applied voltage stays below a given value, SCR1 remains.... -
The design delivers a regulated 400-V, 60-W output. The TL494 switching regulator governs the operating frequency and regulates output voltage. Rl and Cl determine switching frequency, which is approximately 0.SRC—100 kHz for the values shown. The TL494.... -
This circuit uses a tricolor LED display to indicate acceptable and unacceptable output voltages. One to set the upper voltage limit, the other, the lower voltage limit. When the monitored voltage is above the set maximum, the LED display turns red. Yellow.... -
The circuit monitors the input to the microprocessor 5 V regulated supply for voltage drops and initiates a reset sequence before supply regulation is lost. In operation, the resistor capacitor combination Rs and Cj form a short time constant smoothing.... -
To generate regulated ± 5-V supplies from a pair of dry batteries, the circuit of Fig. 1 is commonly used. In order to give protection from inadvertent reverse connection of a battery, a diode in series with each battery would produce an unacceptable.... -
The special feature of the circuit shown below is the low consumption. With voltage n 9 at the entrance and no exit load, absorbs current 50 ma, which is certainly very small compared with a quiescent current 78L05. The components that comprise it are.... -
Indicator provides an accurate comparison of two voltages by indicating their degree of balance (or imbalance). Detecting small variations near the null point is difficult with the basic Wheatstone bridge alone. Amplification of voltage differences near the.... -
This supply is powered by a transformer operating from 120 Vac on the primary and providing approximately 20 Vac on the primary, and providing approximately 20 Vac on the secondary. Four 10-A diodes with a 100 PIV rating are used in a full-wave bridge.... -
Intended for extreme temperature, radiation-hardened environments, this linear supply is capable of supplying 28 Vdc at 125 A from an ac-driven power unit. In operation, power supply output voltage is sensed by the voltage divider consisting of R24 to R28.... -
The output current is set by the resistor R in the collector of Tr2, which may be varied to offer a range of output currents from 100 mA to 2 A with fine control by means of VR3 which varies the reference voltage to the non-inverting input of the op amp... -
A tapped transformer drives a diode bridge (D1-D4) and two 2500 µ¥ filter capacitors (Cl and C2), that provide a no-load voltage of 37 or 47 volts, depending upon the position of switch S2a. The unregulated dc is then fed to a pre-regulator stage composed.... -
To prevent loss of data when a CMOS RAM is switched from normal operation (Vcc = 5 volts) to stand-by mode (Vcc = VBAT) it must be ensured that the CS pin goes near the Vcc rail at all times. Ac coupling to the chip select is made through capacitor C,.... -
When using a regulated supply to reduce a supply voltage there is always the danger of component failure in the supply and consequent damage to the equipment. A fuse will protect when excess current is drawn, but might be too slow to cope with overvoltage.... -
This circuit provides for accurate half wave rectification of the incoming signal. For positive signals, the gain is 0; for negative signals, the gain is — 1. By reversing both diodes, the polarity can be inverted. This circuit provides an accurate output,.... -
The circuit provides accurate full wave rectification. The output impedance is low for both input polarities, and the errors are small at all signal levels. Note that the output will not sink heavy current, except a small amount through the 10K resistors..... -
A simple means of generating a low-power voltage supply of opposite polarity from the main supply. Self oscillating driver produces pulses at a repetition frequency of 100 kHz. When the VMOS device is off, capacitor C is charged to the positive supply. When.... -
A16 V power supply can be synthesized as shown using IN1692 rectifiers. A shift pulse input saturates the 2N2714 depriving the Darlington combination (2N2714 and 2N2868) of base drive.. -
This circuit provides a simple means of obtaining phase shifts between zero and 170°. The transistor operates as a phase splitter, the output at point A being 180° out of phase with the input. Point B is in phase with the input phase. Adjusting Rl provides.... -
Each stage provides 0° to 180° phase shift. By ganging the two stages, 0° to 360° phase shift is achieved This circuit is under:, power supplies, ac dc dc dc, 0° To 360° phase shifter l12884. By ganging the two stages, 0° to 360° phase shift is achieved The.... -
The circuit is essentially a constant source modified by the feedback components R2 and R3 to give a constant voltage output. The output of the ZN424E need only be 2 volts above the negative rail, by placing the load in the collector of the output transistor.... -
Many countries have 115 volts mains supplies. This can be a problem if your electric shaver is designed for 220/240 volts only. This simple rectifier voltage doubler enables motor driven 240 volt shavers to be operated at full speed from a 115 volt supply..... -
This simple circuit gives a positive and negative supply from a single transformer winding and one full-wave bridge. Two zener diodes in series provide the voltage division and their centerpoint is grounded.. -
This simple mobile voltage regulator circuit may save your two meter or CB transceiver if the voltage regulator fails. The 2N3055 should be heat sinked if current drawn by the rig is in excess of 2 A on transmit.. -
This circuit may be used where a high current is required with a low ripple voltage (such as in a high powered class AB amplifier when high quality reproduction is necessary), Ql, Q2, and R2 may be regarded as a power darlington transistor. ZDl and Rl.... -
These short-circuit protected regulators give 6, 7, and 9 V from an automobile battery supply of 13 V nominal; however, they will function just as well if connected to a smoothed dc output from a transformer/rectifier circuit. Two types are shown for both.... -
This circuit combines a 555 timer with a 2N2222 transistor and an external potentiometer. The pot adjusts the output voltage to the desired value. To regulate the output voltage, the 2N2222 varies the control voltage of the 555 IC, increasing or decreasing....
New Circuits
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The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower..... -
The best human ear can capture sounds from 20Hz to 20KHz. These limits are known to be the broadest that can exist. Normally the normal limits range from 100Hz to about 13KHz and depend on the age and health of the individual. We for our measurements and to....
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