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Category: Power Supply Circuits / Solar Cell Circuits Views: 3868 Rank: 0 In the actual device the transistors are bolted to the aluminium case. The schematic diagram shown here represents how the circuit would be built if all components were on-board. Separate paths for load current and voltage sensing allow the battery voltage to be measured accurately even under loads of several amps. The LM4041 provides an accurate low-power voltage reference for the sensing circuit. This 1.225V reference is used directly for the conventional lead-acid setting and via two alternative dividers for the sealed lead acid and lithium voltages. Using a 1% version for the voltage reference and 1% resistors in these dividers keeps us from going too far above the magic 4.1V limit on standard lithium cells without having a pesky trimmer, or worse, a set of trimmers.As the voltage across the battery rises under charge, the main load output will be switched on when a voltage some way above the fully discharged level is reached. If the load current exceeds the available solar charge current, the batteries will drain back down to the fully discharged state and the load will be disconnected again. Some hysteresis avoids the load switching on and off too frequently, but this all depends on the available charge current, battery capacity and load current. If the charge current exceeds the load, the battery voltage will continue rising until the full charge voltage is reached. At this point the secondary load is turned on to prevent overcharging. If no secondary load is naturally available, one must be provided in the form of a resistor. If the standard load current exceeds the maximum output of the solar array this is not needed. IRF350LC MOSFETS are used for load switching which allows loads of more than 10 amps to be switched. A dual CMOS rail-to-rail output op-amp is used which simplifies the calculation of the switching voltages. LED indicators drawing about 2mA each show which loads are turned on. There is space inside the regulator enclosure for about 7Amp-Hours worth of surplus mobile phone lithium batteries. Three 3.6V nominal voltage cells are wired in series which produces a battery of 10.8V, then multiple banks of three are wired in parallel. The voltage varies over the charge cycle from 3 X 3.0 = 9.0V when fully discharged to 3 X 4.1 = 12.3 V which is the maximum allowable on-charge voltage. Higher voltages will destroy these cells. The 12.3V maximum charge voltage allows the battery to be charged from 12V solar panels and the 9.0V full discharge voltage allows most non-critical 12V equipment to run the batteries right down to empty without over-discharging them. An external battery can be connected if needed but if it is a different technology the internal one must be disconnected first. The external battery may be lithium as described, conventional lead acid, or sealed lead acid and the appropriate voltages are selected on an internal DIP switch. The circuit is designed to draw very little current so that some charge can be accumulated even when the weather is quite dull. If lead acid batteries are used then its worth noting that there is no temperature compensation on the charge voltages, so it's best to keep them between 10 and 30 degreesC or the -2mV/K coefficient of this technology might result in overcharging of sealed gel units. visit page.  As the voltage across the battery rises under charge, the main load output will be switched on when a voltage some way above the fully discharged level is reached. If the load current exceeds the available solar charge current, the batteries will drain back down to the fully discharged state and the load will be disconnected again. Some hysteresis avoids the load switching on and off too frequently, but this all depends on the available charge current, battery capacity and load current. If the charge current exceeds the load, the battery voltage will continue rising until the full charge voltage is reached. At this point the secondary load is turned on to prevent overcharging. If no secondary load is naturally available, one must be provided in the form of a resistor. If the standard load current exceeds the maximum output of the solar array this is not needed. IRF350LC MOSFETS are used for load switching which allows loads of more than 10 amps to be switched. A dual CMOS rail-to-rail output op-amp is used which simplifies the calculation of the switching voltages. LED indicators drawing about 2mA each show which loads are turned on. There is space inside the regulator enclosure for about 7Amp-Hours worth of surplus mobile phone lithium batteries. Three 3.6V nominal voltage cells are wired in series which produces a battery of 10.8V, then multiple banks of three are wired in parallel. The voltage varies over the charge cycle from 3 X 3.0 = 9.0V when fully discharged to 3 X 4.1 = 12.3 V which is the maximum allowable on-charge voltage. Higher voltages will destroy these cells. The 12.3V maximum charge voltage allows the battery to be charged from 12V solar panels and the 9.0V full discharge voltage allows most non-critical 12V equipment to run the batteries right down to empty without over-discharging them. An external battery can be connected if needed but if it is a different technology the internal one must be disconnected first. The external battery may be lithium as described, conventional lead acid, or sealed lead acid and the appropriate voltages are selected on an internal DIP switch. The circuit is designed to draw very little current so that some charge can be accumulated even when the weather is quite dull. If lead acid batteries are used then its worth noting that there is no temperature compensation on the charge voltages, so it's best to keep them between 10 and 30 degreesC or the -2mV/K coefficient of this technology might result in overcharging of sealed gel units. http://homepage.ntlworld.com/henry01/solar_regulator/solar_regulator.htm
Related circuits When the panel isn't generating, the entire circuit is off and there is absolutely no current drain from the battery. When the sun gets up and panel starts producing at least 10 Volt, the LED lights and the two small transistors switch on. This powers the regulator circuit. As long as the battery... Photovoltaic switch disables unused LEDs In many applications, it`s desirable to disable LEDs used for system verification. Many options are available for the disabling function, including manual SPST (single-pole single-throw) switches, enhancement- and depletion-mode MOSFETs, bipolar-junction transistors, and JFETs. The circuit in... Low-loss circuit powers solar lantern The solar-lantern circuit in Figure 1 is a low-loss configuration that uses a 7W, four-pin CFL (compact fluorescent lamp) and a 12V, 7-Ahr, sealed, maintenance-free battery. The inverter features greater-than-85% efficiency, less-than-2-mA quiescent current, and a shunt-charge controller with... The Miller solar engine uses a 1381* voltage detector (a.k.a., a voltage supervisor) IC to drive a voltage-based (type 1) solar engine. The 1381 is normally used to reset CPUs and Micros when the power supply drops too low for reliable operation. So 1381s detect and switch when the input... The idea here is that when the FLED flashes (at about 2.4 volts), it conducts. This makes the base of the PNP transistor (here shown as a 2N3906, but you could also use a BC327) go "low," so it triggers, which makes the base of the NPN transistor (here shown as a 2N3904, but you could also... Wilf Rigter simplified this circuit a bit, made it phototropic, and doubled it up to yield a photopopper design in a post later the same day. I`ve got this design written up elsewhere in the library. Solar Battery Regulator/Controller In the actual device the transistors are bolted to the aluminium case. The schematic diagram shown here represents how the circuit would be built if all components were on-board. Separate paths for load current and voltage sensing allow the battery voltage to be measured accurately even under... This must be the most efficient bipolar transistor motor driver design for this application and I recommend it for the solar roller competitions. A 1381E is used to trigger at 2.4V. While it takes a total of 10 components plus motor compared to the stock circuit`s 6 components, you will clearly...
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