The circuit in Figure 1 represents one method to switch a bipolar, two-color LED using an SPDT mechanical switch or relay. This circuit wastes power and does not work properly if the power-supply voltage is not substantially more than the sum of the LEDs`....

The circuit in Figure 1 implements a low-cost, micropower, latching motor controller that uses current sensing rather than switches to stop the motor. The design is optimized for a supply voltage of 3 to 9V, making it well-suited to battery-powered....

The project was originally intended as a present for my brothers dorm room, but a bad capacitor and the lack of a proper oscilloscope caused delays. It has not made it off the breadboard, and it probably will not until his next semester. The circuit contains....

This over/under voltage cut-out will save your costly electrical and electronic appliances from the adverse effects of very high and very low mains voltages. The circuit features auto reset and utilises easily available components. It makes use of the....

Here we have three choices, with which we can make electronic switches that use our touch or pressing (push button). We thus exploit the very big resistance of entry, that present the gates CMOS. In the fig.1 we have two gates NAND or NOR (IC1), connected as....

What exactly is a multivibrator? I suppose one definition would be 'a circuit which has several states'. This will do for now, it's quite loose so leaves plenty to the imagination! Conventional multivibrators have only two stages and come in three flavours:....

Circuit of a digital volume control using six discrete ICs, including a 5V regulator, is presented. IC1 (555) is configured to function as astable flip-flop. Its frequency or period may be adjusted by proper choice of resistors R44, R45 and capacitor C6....

The circuit in Figure 2 shows a 16-channel, AMI-encoded RF transmitter for data rates as high as 28.8 kbps. The circuit operates in the unlicensed (FCC Part 15) 902- to 928-MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and is reliable for open-field....

Mobile robots need simple and lightweight dc-motor-speed-control hardware that can work with low-power batteries. Flip-flop type navigation systems allow only one motor to operate at a time while the other motor remains off. Navigation direction changes....

Using dual flip-flop IC CD4027 employ a 555 based monostable circuit to supply input clock pulses. The circuit described here obviates this requirement. One of the two flip-flops within IC CD4027 itself acts as square wave shaper...

The MK50398 is one modern decimal counter up/down of six tens, with control of screen LED of seven segments and flip-flop of storage. Counter it can measure additive and abstractively. The IC MK50398 is ideal for manufacture frequency counter as the....