When the vehicle"s backup lights kick on, or when the manual switch (SI) is closed, a small current is fed to the base of Ql...
The level at which the limiter kicks in audio can be adjusted with the selector knob LIMIT LEVEL. When this level is exceeded, the output of the half-LIMITING detector of the op-amp (used as a comparator) turns the LED causes the resistance of the photoresistor to decline rapidly. It is in tum causes the gain of Ie half LIMITED op-amp to decrease. ..
The beat rate may be determined by operating a foot pedal in much the same manner as for a real drum, or by means of an internal oscillator, the speed of which may be preset. ..
The circuit uses a 4011 CMOS NAND gate, a pair of diodes and an NPN power transistor to provide a variable duty-cycle dc source. Adjusting the speed control varies the average voltage applied to the motor. The peak voltage, however, is not changed. This pulse power is effective at very low speeds, constantly kicking the motor along..
The circuit in Figure 1 produces timing signals with a sound like that of a mechanical metronome. IC1 is a 555 timer that oscillates at approximately 3200 Hz. The two 3-kW resistors and the 0.047-µF capacitor set the frequency. IC2 divides the frequency of IC1`s output by 2. IC2 produces a square wave with an exact 50% duty cycle. The frequency of the output of IC2 determines the sound of each beat. A higher frequency yields a sharper sound, like beating on a small drum;.....
Starting up oscillator circuits and getting them to maintain oscillation in a Spice simulation is difficult. Some high-frequency crystal circuits require days for the oscillation to reach steady state. Thus, most designers separate the crystal`s circuit simulation from the rest of the system design. However, a technique that gives a "kick" to an RLC equivalent circuit solves this problem. This method makes sure the simulation starts fast and quickly reaches the steady state...
Humans have been using light and sound to achieve altered states of consciousness for thousands of years. Primitive cultures used flickering fires and rythmic drumming to induce these altered states. Today, you can choose from a wide variety of electronic brain-wave machines which use light and/or sound to alter brain-wave activity. Brain-wave activity ranges from fully awake to deep dreamless sleep. This activity is categorized into five primary groups: Delta, Theta,.....
The ping of the cymbals, crack of the snare drum, thonk of the bass - none of these comes through on my low-budget speakers. Sometimes they sound so fuzzy I want to hide behind the couch until it’s over. But headphones...ah, heaven! There are probably as many headphone amp designs as there are headphones, but all aren’t created equal. The cheesy headphone-amp circuits in most stereo gear aren’t up to the standards of the main amp components, and many CD players and.....
This is probably one of the most legendary fuzz pedals that has ever existed, and for good reason too! This thing can produce some completely saturated fuzz that is capable of slipping into feedback easily if you crank it up loud enough. I just can't say enough about this pedal. This is, without a doubt, my all-time favorite fuzzer. It's a genuine kick in the teeth that will have a permanent spot in my setup. Supposedely, this is the fuzz pedal that Jimmy Page used on the.....
Humans have been using light and sound to achieve altered states of consciousness for thousands of years. Primitive cultures used flickering fires and rythmic drumming to induce these altered states. Today, you can choose from a wide variety of electronic brain-wave machines which use light and/or sound to alter brain-wave activity. Brain-wave activity ranges from fully awake to deep dreamless sleep...
The MIDI Drum Machine began in the Fall of 1991 as a project for a microprocessor system design course, shortly after I wrote PAULMON1, the 8051 monitor/debugger. A friend, Rod Seely, both a musician and electronics hobbiest suggested I design something using the Musical Instrument Device Interface, MIDI, that would be COOL and would work together with his collection of MIDI keyboards and synthesizers. Of course, I wanted to build something that could end up as a finished.....
One of the unusual features of the out-of-production Programmable Drum Set was its use of touch switches for control. Like most touch switches, these detect the difference in the capacitance of a plate when it is being touched by a finger versus the parasitic capacitance of the plate alone...
TR1 provides a constant current to a bank of three zener diodes, thus maintaining a constant voltage independant of supply voltage variations. The resistor Rx is used to sense the PSU output current and to switches off the current to the zener diodes should the output current become excessive. The 1M0 (logarithmic taper) pot causes the current sensor (TR2) to "kick-in early", so providing a variable current threshold limit. The value of RX should be (0.7/Amperes) ohms,.....
The circuit in Figure 1 has two independent motor-speed-control channels: one for a righthand-side motor and the other for a left-hand-side motor. Power to each motor is pulse-width-modulated using a Basic computer program (Listing 1). The power-driver circuit uses npn power transistors, Q1 and Q2. These transistors have high-power-kicking ability that the robotics require. The PC`s parallel port directly controls the base of these transistors...
A circuit that tailors the low end of particular items such as the bass drum and bass guitar to be used for individual tracks during mixdown, not across the entire mix. With the circuit, I can set the low end rolloff characteristic and stored energy of each of these items separately. There is stored energy in the speaker/cabinet combination that adds body to the bass guitar that you can not get with typical equalizers. The tuning device allows you to get the bass drum to.....
This is a pocket-sized LED flashlight operating with only one AAA battery. However, the super high luminosity LEDs(blue,green or white) require at least 3.5 volts of forward voltage. This flashlight is boosting input voltage up to operating voltage of a LED with simple DC-DC converter. Right image shows the circuit diagram for the LED light. It is a typical blocking oscilator. High voltage pulse appears at collector of the Q1 is rectified by D1 and charged into C3. T1.....
The unit can be built in multiples of 2 users up to 8 users on a single PCB. Additional PCBs can be daisy-chained on to allow 10 to 16, 18 to 24 users etc. The is no design limit, though in practice signal degredation will kick in at some stage...
Simplified Analog Input Schematic This schematic represents the input circuitry for a single input. This circuit is a track and hold. The idea is that the input waveform may reach a peak at any instant as the drummer strikes the pad. When that occurs, the capacitor is charged to the peak input voltage. There is only one A/D converter (ADC0804, see the Main CPU section schematic), and it takes time for it to convert an input voltage to a 8-bit code. No matter when.....
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