Electrical potentials are generated by muscle when there is movement. This Signal can be pick up by electrode to form EMG. For my Final Year Project, I did an amplifier and signal conditioning circuit for EMG. Attached below is the schematics for the Amplifier. Disposable surface electrode are used to pick up the signal. The amplitude of the signal pick up is low, so amplification is needed to measure the detected signal. A differential amplifier is needed because of the high CMRR. 2 electrodes are connected in between the region of interest and the ground electrode is connected to a reference point.
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A driven feedback is implemented in the design to improve the signal quality. 2nd order active low pass and active high pass are used to further amplify the signal and filter off the unwanted part of the signal. As the design uses single supply, a 5v to -5v converter is used to power the active amplifier. Isolation amplifier and supply isolation is added as some basic safety implementation in the circuit.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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