Voltage Detector Circuits
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While the battery is being charged, its voltage is measured at V. If the measured voltage is lower than the minimum the relay will be energized, that wiU connect the charger circuit. When the battery voltage runs over the maximum set point, the relay is.... -
Null detector uses simple LED readout to indicate if test resistor R* is below, equal to, or greater than test resistance Rref. IfR* = Rref, the 741 output sits at midpoint value of 4 volts and LED A lights.. -
The values of Rl, R2, and D1 are selected for the voltage applied. Using a 12-volt battery, Rl = 10 K, R2 = 5 K and D1 is a 5-volt zener diode, or a string of forward-biased silicon rectifiers equaling about 5 volts. Transistor Ql is a general-purpose UJT.... -
The circuit has negative feedback only for positive signals. The inverting input can only get some feedback when diode Dl is forward biased and only occurs when the input is positive. With a positive input signal, the output of the op amp rises until the.... -
A window detector is a specialized comparator circuit designed to detect the presence of a voltage between two prescribed limits; that is, within a voltage window. This circuit is implemented by logically combining the outputs of two single-ended.... -
The primary advantage of this circuit, when compared to other comparators, is its ability to latch after the input has reached a predetermined threshold level. When the input exceeds the threshold level, the LM311N output increases. This transition enables.... -
A quad comparator forms the basis of a frequency detector that is faster and less expensive than more complex versions designed around frequency-to-voltage converter chips. Positive feedback through a 5MO resistor allows the circuit to resolve changes as.... -
When the upper or lower limit is exceeded, the LED lights up. Positive feedback to one of the nulling terminals creates 5 to 20 p,V of hysteresis on both amplifiers. This feedback changes to offset voltage of the LT1002 by less than 5 p,V. .. -
This window comparator generates an output pulse for each event that occurs within a specified window. That is, each output pulse signifies an input voltage pulse or level change that exceeds VREFLOW. but not VREFHIGH· The monostable multivibrators, IC2A.... -
When operated as an open loop without compensation, the HA-2400 becomes a comparator with four selectable input channels. The clamping network at the compensation pin limits the output voltage to allow DTLor TTL digital circuits to be driven with a fanout.... -
ICl and IC2 form an inverting half-wave precision-rectifier/peak-detector circuit. Negative input-signal, swings with peaks larger than the voltage on Cl, cause this capacitor to charge to the new peak voltage. The capacitor holds this voltage until a.... -
Analog peak detection is accomplished hy repeatedly measuring the input signal with an a/d converter and comparing the current reading with the previous reading. If the current reading is larger than the previous, the current reading is stored in the latch.... -
This circuit draws very little power, less than 5 mA with a single 6-V power supply. making it ideal for portable battery-operated equipment. The small size and low power consumption belie the 90-dB dynamic range and 10.5-I"V sensitivity. De output voltage.... -
The heart of the electroscope is the two junction FETs Ql and Q2 connected in a balanced-bridge circuit. The gate input of Ql is connected to the wire pick-up antenna, while Q2"s gate is tied to the circuit"s common ground through R2. That type of bridge.... -
The range of this ac-voltage monitor is 100 to 140 Vac, with a resolution of 1 V. The speech processor interprets an 8-bit binary input code from an analog-to-digital converter. The processor"s pulse-code-mod ulated output then passes through a filter and.... -
This, circuit is a programmable current source in which op amp LT1102 (Linear Technology Corp.) is used.. -
A simple voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), coupled to your instrumentation by an optoisolator, allows you to mea.. -
A method of boosting the output current of a reference and also protecting against overloads is shown.. -
LTC1043 can be .png">induced through any of its current shunt supply rails. Many cells and solar system applications.. -
When the RTD temperature sensor further away from the amplifier, sensor lead resistance and the lead is vulnerable to interference and other issues will not be ignored. Circuit shown in Figure can solve this problem. The circuit uses a voltage-current .. -
Voltage output type angle detection circuit signal conditioner UZZ9000 magnetoresistive sensor KMZ41
By the voltage output type and angle UZZ9000 KMZ41 constitute detection circuit as shown, it is a + 5V power supply, RP1 ~ RP2 offset voltage adjustment potentiometer, RP3 ~ RP.. -
Supervisory circuits normally monitor a microprocessor`s supply voltage, asserting reset to the IC during power-up, power-down, and brownout. In this way, the circuit ensures that the supply voltage is stable before the microprocessor boots, thus preventing.... -
The circuit in Figure 1 is a quasi-linear regulator. It functions as a source follower for input voltages greater than a preset level, determined by VR3. For input voltages lower than the preset level, the pass element, Q2, operates as a saturated switch.....
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You often need to know when a telecomm power supply`s output drops below its nominal value. The dropout generally indicates a failure and may dictate replacement of the supply or some other form of system maintenance. The circuit in Figure 1 uses an isolated....
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Low-cost microprocessor supervisors reset controllers when power-supply voltages fall below given levels. As added protection, you can also reset the microcontroller when the power supply is too high by combining a low-cost shunt-voltage regulator with a....
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The op-amp rectifier in Fig 1 operates from a single supply and provides a logic output and an LED that indicate the state of the input voltage. The input-state indications are handy for calibration. Because the circuit operates from a single supply, the....
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This circuit is so sensitive it will detect "mains hum." Simply move it across any wall and it will detect where the mains cable is located. It has a gain of about 200 x 200 x 200 = 6,000,000 and will also detect static electricity and the presence of your.... -
This circuit relies upon the extra high input impedance of a FET, and also demonstrates the gate terminals sensitivity to changes in voltage. The gate terminal here is left open circuit, connected only to the "probe" this being just a few inches of bare.... -
This simple circuit can detect the invisible fields of voltage which surround all electrified objects. It acts as an electronic "electroscope." Regular foil-leaf electroscopes deal with electrostatic potentials in the range of many hundreds or thousands of.... -
This is a CMOS IC (CD4033) based circuit which can be used to detect presence of mains AC voltage without any electrical contact with the conductor carrying AC current/voltage. Thus it can be used to detect mains AC voltage without removing the insulation.... -
In Fig.1 A precision DC under?voltage relay switch. The opamp is wind as a voltage comparator, with a reference voltage applied to pin 2 and the test voltage applied to pin 3: the relay turns on when the pin 3 voltage exceeds that of pin 2. The circuit can.... -
In the Fig.1, exist a circuit, which is a sensitive switch that corresponds in AC signals of input, for signals above 5mV. Corresponds in all the signals from 50 HZ until 3KHZ, region in which found the human voice. The RV1 is regulated so much what RL1 it?s....
New Circuits
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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