The musical signal`s form does never resemble a square wave. The frequency range perceived by an average adult hardly goes above 17KHz. Hence I do not give a dime to those heated discussions whether it`s appropriate to test audio amplifiers using a 100KHz meander signal. But being an electronic engineer in my heart as well as by education and pass
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ion - I can assure you that giving an audio amplifier a try with 100KHz square wave test signal can reveal quite some technical qualities (or lack of those) in the design. Overshots caused by negative feedback loops or signal slopes formed by input/Miller capacitances are amongst things that are easier to observe with meander than when using sound-frequency test signal. Before turning to the true and tried CMOS 555 I tested several oscillators based on old soviet 561 › 7, 561 › 2, as well as 74HC04 and 74HCT04; the last unsuccessful attempt was made using LM555. All the attempts listed above have failed due to the horrible ringing the chips were generating at its outputs. The current spikes in the power line were also quite hard to tolerate. Therefore I came up with only two budget solutions: People who love micro-controllers may start laughing at me here. Honestly I was also tempted to build a universal square wave generator based on ATmega-8 that I had at hands. But somehow I am too lazy to program when the same result can be achieved by a comparable amount of soldering without turning on that annoying thing (computer. And to tell you the truth I strived to have as minimal of those high bandwidth current spikes as possible - in order to test quality audio equipment I wanted to have a quality test signal as well. Regardless the fact that the generator`s bill of materials amounted for just a few bucks. Obviously testing...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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