This lab will demonstrate the theory and operation of non-inverting amplifiers as well as their practical application to amplify the signal of a microphone. We will construct a non-inverting amplifier to increase the output signal of a microphone, and use this circuit to measure the performance of a loudspeaker Electret capsule microphones are ver
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y popular due to their decent performance and low price. The simplest way to imagine the microphone`s operation is to view it as a resistor whose value varies when a sound wave hits it. If a bias current flows through this varying resistance, it will create a small voltage that must be amplified for useable purposes. Build the circuit in Figure 4 shown below. In the above circuit, R4 provides the bias current for the microphone. Capacitor C1 prevents the DC voltage across the microphone from being amplified, while allowing the AC signal to pass to the amplifier. Resistor R2 provides a DC bias current path for the TL081 but also creates a high-pass filter with C1, whose cut off frequency can be determined as: The simulation shows that the circuit has a gain of 40 dB as predicted and its low frequency roll-off occurs around 15. 9 Hz. The upper frequency roll-off is created by the bandwidth of the opamp itself. For small signals, the easiest method to predict the bandwidth of the amplifier is to use the gain/bandwidth product (GBW) specified by the manufacturer. The TL081 has a GBW of 3 MHZ, by dividing this number by our gain of 101, we can predict the 30 kHz bandwidth of the amplifier seen in the simulation. The Bode application included with the myDAQ can be used to verify the operation of the circuit once it`s built. Be sure to install the capacitor with polarity in the correct orientation and care should be taken when...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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