The Physical interface bus being either fiber [Optical] or wire [electrical]. The difference here, in some cases, is that the electrical interface being defined resides just prior to the optical encoder. So the Physical interface bus from device to device is optical [fiber], but the specification also defines the Physical [electrical] interface into the optical transmitter/receiver [which is not normally done outside of
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Automotive buses]. Also:. "It is becoming clear that regardless of carmaker, new vehicles will be made using LIN for the lowest data-rate functions, CAN for medium speed, MOST for the high-speed data rates and FlexRay, for safety-critical applications such as steer- and brake-by-wire. " from Automotive Industries. MOST bus : [Media Oriented Systems Transport], defines a multimedia fiber-optic (low overhead, low cost) point-to-point network implemented in a ring, star or daisy-chain topology over Plastic optical fibers [POF]. The MOST bus specifications define the Physical [Electrical and Optical parameters] Layer as well as the Application Layer, Network Layer, and Medium Access Control. The SAE J1850 bus is used for diagnostics and data sharing applications in On and Off road vehicles. The J1850 interface takes two forms; A 41. 6Kbps Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) two wire differential approach, or a 10. 4Kbps Variable Pulse Width (VPW) single wire approach. The single wire approach may have a bus length up to 35 meters (with 32 nodes). The J1850 interface was developed in 1994, J1850 may be phased out for new designs. The J1850 is a class B protocol. The J1850 protocol uses CSMA/CR arbitration. The frame consists of a Start Of Frame [SOF], which is high for 200uS. The Header byte follows the SOF and is one byte long. The MI bus may applied to drive Mirrors, Seats, Window lifts or Head light levellers. The Master sends...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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