The drawback of this architecture is that it disregards the differences between the various channels. First, the subwoofer channel has a reduced bandwidth and its signal is often generated in real time by summing the low-frequency components of the full-bandwidth channels. Second, when a stereo source is played through a multi-channel system, only the front left (FL) and front right (FR)
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signals are provided by the source; all remaining channels are generated from these two in a process known as multi-channel expansion. The reverse process is known as down mixing and is used when a multi-channel signal is recorded onto a stereo medium. These mixing and filtering requirements are difficult to implement using traditional stereo components, where the individual channels are mutually independent. One approach is to aim for a system-on-chip solution that integrates all functions on a single chip, requiring only passive external components. While this is perfectly feasible using today`s mixed-signal CMOS technologies, it does not always yield the highest-performing or most cost-effective solution. For analog circuitry, the ideal trade-off between performance, die size, power dissipation and cost is invariably obtained with larger process geometries than those best suited to digital-circuit blocks. As a result, system architects are faced with a difficult choice between conflicting requirements. Using a more advanced fabrication process means that lower supply voltages must be used. This reduces the voltage swing available for analog elements, worsening their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the characterization of new processes is often incomplete, making it difficult to run the accurate simulations necessary to optimize the performance of analog circuits. Conversely, using an older process with larger...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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