What is DAC Digital to analog converter (DAC) is used to get analog voltage corresponding to an input digital data. Data in binary digital form can be converted to corresponding analog form by using a R-2R ladder (binary weighted resistor) network and a summing amplifier. It is more common and practical. Below is the circuit and output simulated
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waveform of R-2R ladder network DAC. This circuit also uses an op amp (741) summing amplifier circuit. You can learn how to build a Digital to Analog converter using the simple technique explained in this page. Actually different types of Digital to Analog converter ICs are available commercially based on this same principle. The R-2R ladder network is build by a set of resistors of two values. It makes the circuit more simple and economical for different applications. R-2R weighted resistor ladder network uses only 2 set of resistors- R and 2R. If you want to build a very precise DAC, be precise while choosing the values of resistors that will exactly match the R-2R ratio. For 0001 onlyD0=Vref, all other inputs are at 0V and can be treated as ground. So finallyVref/16volt is appearing as the input to op amp. This value gets multiplied by the gain of op amp circuit (Rf/Ri). In this circuit the 7493 IC simply provides digital inputs to DAC. It is a counter IC and not an integral part of the DAC circuit. You can apply any combinations of binary inputs toD3D2D1D0
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