This circuit describes a simple, 6-bit random number pseudo-generator used to study binary counters and in particular, shift registers. Some very basic background information about binary counters and shift registers is provided. In reality there are dozens of different shift register topologies available and it can get quite complex. If you wish
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to find a good logic tutorial website, I strongly recommend Ken Bigelow`s site as it has interactive diagrams. Flip-flops are also covered well on wikipedia and many other web sites. Binary Counter: The circuit most often used as a counter is called a binary flip-flop. The basic flip-flop can be viewed as a toggle switch having either an ON or OFF position. This is the binary state 1 (HIGH) or 0 (LOW). Like the toggle switch, the binary flip-flop has 2 binary states 1 or 0. A binary flip flop counter counts in a sequence such as 0, 1, 0, 1 etc. A straight binary counter can be built by using 1 or more flip-flops connected in a manner that the binary number stored in these flip-flops will represent the total number of trigger pulses received at the counter input. Ring Counter: A ring counter has 2 or more flip-flops cascaded so that the output from one flip-flop becomes the input of the next flip-flop. The flip-flops are connected so that all of their outputs are at the binary state 0 except for one flip-flop. By pulsing the input of the ring counter, it will sequentially change the binary state of the succeeding flip-flop from binary 0 to binary 1. The flip-flop that contains the binary 1 indicates the count of this binary counter. The maximum number of pulses that can be counted by N flip-flops is N pulses. Shift Register: A serial entry shift register is similar to a ring counter, except that the output flip-flop is not...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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