The main ΣΔloop, which again operates in steady state, is fully controlled by summing comparator Q2, which amplifies the ripples of the sensed inductor current and output voltage by gains KI and KV, respectively, to generate an internal variable s. This variable s , is regulated to zero by the feedback control action of Q2, as in conventional sliding-mode control. In steady state, auxiliary switch MPP3 is always open and the bypass ΣΔ block containing comparator Q1 is inactive.
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
The main loop gives wide LC filter compliance and low output voltage ripple since it adheres to the teachings of sliding-mode ΣΔ control. However, the transient response is slow because it is defined to meet the requirements of the worst-case LC specifications. This slow response is corrected using the fast bypass ΣΔ loop during transient events. The bypass ΣΔ loop, operating during transient events only, is controlled by comparator Q1, which senses and controls the output voltage through the duty-cycle of switch MPP3. During bypass conditions, when the output voltage drops below the predefined window limit set by Q1, the bypass loop regulates the output voltage (VS) to VREF, irrespective of the inductor current, forcing the average inductor current to increase, since its dIL/dt is now mostly unidirectional. This current consequently increases beyond its minimum average value ILMIN (inductor current IL equals ILMIN during steady-state conditions) and only drops back down when the output voltage again reaches its prescribed window limits, at which point MPP3 is disabled. Comparator Q2 only regulates the sensed inductor current to its reference value, which is the DC value of the sensed current. This current loop is therefore independent and self-sustaining and the inductor current, as it is, is regulated and constant. A higher-than-minimum inductor current leads to increased power losses and a higher output voltage ripple,...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: