The purpose of the layout control mother board is to provide a simple way to allow people to control portions of their layout. The layout control motherboard consists of a single microcontroller that interfaces to the MRNet bus and a number of slots into which inexpensive control and sensor boards can be plugged in. All of the control and sensor b
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oards share the single microcontroller on the motherboard. The sensor and control boards that plug into the layout control mother board are meant to be quite inexpensive. The interface circuitry that must be on each control and sensor card consists of 1 74LS14 Hex Schmitt Trigger (Jameco 46640 @ $. 25 ea) and 1 74LS165 8-bit shift register (Jameco 46877 @ $. 49 ea). The motherboard provides regulated 5 volts to each board using a simple 7805 based power supply. In addition, the boards are provided unregulated positive and negative voltages that can be used to switch relays and the like. This control board provides a means to independently control up to 32 LED`s. The LED`s can be either simple ones or tri-color LED`s. This board should be useful for building a turnout control panel, lighting track-side signal lights, of lighting individual building lights. This control board provides a means to sense up to 24 distinct inputs. These inputs can be buttons on a turnout control panel, turnout sensors, etc. Debouncing for SPST switches is done in software, whereas a DPST switch occupies two inputs. The controller talks to the control and sensor boards via a simple 4 wire bus. Each board implements a long shift register of 8-bit bytes. The output of control and sensor board is directed to the input of the next sensor board. The output of the last sensor board is automatically routed back to the microcontroller for reading. A...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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