The output of this circuit is a current proportional to temperature, which can be used to drive a meter for a direct readout. Alternatively, a resistor or op amp can be used to get a voltage output. The circuit is pulsed at a low duty cycle to reduce power consumption. With the component shown, the duty cycle is about 0. 2% with a one-se
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cond sample rate. This gives an average current drain of about 25 A, plus the output current. The circuit will operate with a supply of 8. 0 to 12. 0 V. A small 8. 4-V mercury battery can provide an operating life of about one year. R8 is used to trim the circuit, correct for Zener tolerance, temperature error in the sensor, and resistor tolerance. With the values shown, a 0- to 50- A output is obtained for a +50 to + 100 °F temperature change. Other ranges can be selected using the equations shown in the box on the circuit diagram. The current-source output allows long lines to be driven with no loss of accuracy. National Semiconductor Linear Applications Habdbook, 1991, p. 1229.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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