When trying to move things with microcontrollers, there are basically three kinds of motors that are most useful: DC motors, servomotors, and stepper motors. Most all motors work on the electrical principle of induction. When you put electric current through a wire, it generates a magnetic field around the wire. By placing a charged coil of wire in an existing magnetic field
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(say, between two magnets), the coil will be either attracted to one magnet and repelled by the other, or vice versa, depending on the current flow. The higher the current, the greater the magnetic field, and therefore the greater the attraction or repulsion. The coil is mounted on a spinning shaft in the middle of the motor. As the coil is alternately attracted to one magnet and repulsed by the other, it spins from one to the other, and we get circular motion. All inductive loads (like motors, electromagnets, and solenoids) work on this same principle: induce a magnetic field by putting current through a wire, use it to attract or repulse a magnetic body. However, the principle works in reverse as well. When you spin a wire in an existing magnetic field, the field induces a current in the wire. So if you`ve got a motor spinning, and you turn it off, the fact that the motor`s coil is spinning in a magnetic field will generate a current in the wire for a brief amount of time. This current comes back in the reverse direction of the current flow you generated to run the motor. It`s called blowback, or back voltage, and it can cause damage to your electronics. Usually it`s stopped by putting a diode in line with your motor, to stop the back voltage. The rated voltage of a motor is the voltage at which it operates at peak efficiency. Most DC motors can be operated somewhat above or below their range, but it`s best to plan to...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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