The purpose of this experiment is to discover the properties of a nonlinear circuit which closely approximates a driven pendulum. It`s a great introduction to nonlinear phenomena such as period doubling and chaos. `Chaotic States and Routes to Chaos in the Forced Pendulum, ` by D. D`Humieres, M. R. Beasley, B. A. Huberman, and A. Libchaber, Phys. Re
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v. A 26 3483 (1982). Our circuit is an improvement on theirs and is described in the section "Analysis of the Phase Locked Loop Circuit". Excerpts from Order Within Chaos by P. Berge, Y. Pomeau, and C. Vidal (Hermann and Wiley, Paris, 1984). This reference includes an introduction to the modem physics of dynamical systems. The following is a recommended sequence of steps for a long laboratory. Do not feel restricted to the operating parameters quoted in these notes, or even the methodology. Their main purpose is to help you get your feet wet. There is an enormous amount of investigation that can be done in this experiment, so feel free to focus on the parts you find most interesting, and also try out new ideas as they occur to you. Familiarize yourself with the TDS220 oscilloscope if you have not used one before. Learn how to view and scale traces, how to manipulate the trigger settings, and how to use the cursors. The scope also has useful functions under the "measure" menu. Look over the "Getting Started Guide" for the HP 35660A Dynamic Signal Analyzer. Look at the spectrum and the time series measurement for the signal source running as a sine wave, a periodic chirp, and a random noise source. Measure the frequency response of the low pass filter and the integrator modules of the oscillator. The procedure is described in Chapter 8 of the analyzer guide. Measure f0( = ‰0 / 2 ), the VCO frequency when the input is 0V (or...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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