This sawtooth wave generator gives not only the sweep signal at out 1, but also a synchronization output at out 2 when the sawtooth fly back and begin sweeping. The frequency formula of this sawtooth wave signal is: Remember that the real frequency might be slihgtly different from the formula since the components tolerance in their value. Using th
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e formula, the frequency of this sawtooth wave signal would be around 57Hz, using the component values as shown in the schematic. Generating sawtooth wave signal can be implemented using several ways, and one of the very popular method is by using constant current source to charge a capacitor. If you`ve seen many method that use an SCR or its bipolar transistor Continue reading †’. In the figure a, the capacitor is slowly charged through resistor R and finally after reaching the base-emitter voltage of PNP transistor, the PNP transistor begin conducting and activate the NPN transistor. The activation of NPN transistor is positively fed Continue reading †’. Pulse generator circuit shown in the schematic diagram below produces square wave pulse with adjustable duty cycle/active factor. The benefits of using this circuit are low components count and high stability of its output frequency. The frequency of this pulse Continue reading †’. The circuit shown in this schematic diagram is a square-wave oscillator circuit. The main component of this oscillator circuit is LP165/365 comparator. As timing component, it uses capacitor and resistor to determine the frequency operation, generating square waves signal. Here Continue reading †’. Signal tracing is a method to find failure section of electronic circuit. This method is very common in troubleshooting audio electronics, since the tool for injection and monitoring will be very...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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