LED will turn on when PIO goes low - acting like GND - and current will be taken from power supply not from PIO like first method. So do I must take care of maximum current of PIO although it just act like GND not like a power supply -like method 1 -. when I make PIO low dose it really connect to GND or something else Did youtry what an LED looks like at 8mA A modern LED may have a
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20mA maximum rating, but they are extremely bright when you just want to use them as a signaling indicator. jippie Jun 2 `13 at 11:58 (1) 8mA is plenty for most LEDs unless you need to see it in full sunlight (2) the second circuit shown has no current limiting resistor - 9V will blow the LED, the transistor, or both, and flatten the battery rather fast too! (3) the third circuit is not fundamentally different from the first. Brian Drummond Jun 2 `13 at 12:09 So do I must take care of maximum current of PIO although it just act like GND not like a power supply -like method 1 Yes, you do. The 1st and 3rd methods are equivalent in modern day microcontrollers. m. Alin Jun 2 `13 at 12:15 @yahyatawil because most microcontrollers can source AND sink the same amount of current on each GPIO. They are functionally the same thing. Only difference is your code, where turning on the led is setting the pin high (when it is the source) or low (when it acts like the ground). Passerby Jun 2 `13 at 19:13 The first and third methods you show are fine, assuming the resistor is sized so that the 8 mA maximum port pin current is not exceeded. The difference between these two methods is whether the low or high side drive transistor in the processor is in series with the LED. Sometimes the low side transistors are a little more beefy, which is why you see method three more than method 1. However, either method is fine as long as you take care...
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