Track occupancy detectors are needed for hidden yards and other sections of track that are hard to see, but they are also necessary for block operation. The circuit described here uses an LED to indicate track occupancy for digitally controlled MG¤rklin HO model train systems (including Delta Control). In contrast to a real track occupancy detecto
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
r, which detects all vehicles, it only responds to vehicles that draw traction current. This means it can be used without making complicated modifications to the rolling stock and track, since it is only necessary to gap the third rail. This circuit is thus especially suitable for retrofitting to existing installations, and it is equally well suited to M, K and C tracks. The basic idea of the circuit is simple. If a locomotive enters the monitored track section, a current flows through the motor. This current is sensed and generates an indication. With a MG¤rklin Digital system, power is provided to the locomotive via a controller or a booster in the form of a square-wave voltage. The voltage levels on the rails are approximately 15 V and +15 V. Digital control information is transferred by a continuous sequence of alternating plus and minus levels. This means that the detector circuit must be able to respond to AC signals. In Figure 1, the monitored track section on the left is connected to the ground terminal 0` via the rails. The third rail, with conducts the traction current to the locomotive, is isolated from the rest of the system (special third-rail insulators are available for this purpose), and it is connected to the B` terminal of the controller or booster via the detector circuit. If a locomotive travels over the monitored track section, the positive component of the drive current flows through diodes D1 and D2,...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: