After dismantling chinese copy of segway I wanted to check how the controller is made. After a couple of hours of work with multimeter, pen, a sheet of paper and Kicad I came up with a block diagram and schematic of motor controller. This motor controller is made in a cheap and a very simple way. Reverse engineering and analysing this unit is a ve
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ry good way to learn the basics of motor control. Here are some pictures of dismantled motor controller: Motor controller consists of three parts - motor controller board, motor direction control board and main power relay. You can see those parts in the first picture (main power relay was removed, thus there is empty space between boards). Main power relay and motor direction control board were fixed to the botton of the box by double sided duct tape. Motor controller board was fixed properly. PCB was pushed in the grooves of the walls of a box. Power transistors were fixed by a metal plate which was screwed to the wall. Because this controller had burned, I changed power mosfets and had to modify this part a little bit. Originally there were two mosfets and one freewheeling diode in TO-220 case. I did not have appropriate diodes by hand, so I replaced it with two mosfets. Original metal mounting plate was too short to hold four TO-220 devices. I had to make a longer aluminium plate and drill one extra hole to fix it properly to the wall (picture 2). As it is visible from the third picture, there were some modifications (at the bottom part of the board) done after the board was manufactured. One modification, voltage delay circuit (transistor, electrolytic capacitor and resistor in picture 4) was made by assemblers of this device, and the other (blue multi-turn potentiometer) was made by me - it allows to change...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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