Getting microprocessor designs to work is notoriously difficult when both the software and hardware are new. The
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
usual approach is to run test routines that address memory and I/O, but do not rely on their correct functioning. However, miswiring in any part of the circuit usually leads to a misleading jumble of signals that might require a logic analyzer to interpret. This simple circuit will trace the program execution and help point to the problems. Although the circuit shows connections for a Z-80, the circuit can very easily be adapted for any 8-bit microprocessor or with additional circuitry for CPUs of any bus width. The circuit consists of a 5-byte hexadecimal display and comparator, which are wired to a 40-pin IC test clip. The test clip sits over the microprocessor (in this case a Z-80), where it gets power and all the required signals. The address bus and control lines are fed to the comparator, where (by means of switches) a trigger condition can be set. Following the trigger, the next 5 occurrences of either RD or WR will latch the contents of the data bus into the 5 hex displays, each in turn. For example, select address 0000 Ml Rd and reset the CPU. The displays will show the very first instruction fetch, followed by its data and any consequent action. Even details, such as stack writes and subroutine addresses, are included. To trace longer portions of a program the address switches can be incremented to follow the execution path.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: