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Q1 is an NPN Darlington transistor, and Q2 is a PNP Darlington transistor. MOV1 is a metal-oxide varistor, while R8 is a thermistor used for limiting inrush current. This circuit is designed to limit AC line current to a...
The circuit consists of a 555 timer along with components R1, C1, and other elements configured as a monostable delay circuit. The input square wave signal is shaped by a Schmitt trigger to meet the triggering requirements. The 555 timer...
This application example illustrates a photovoltaic control circuit. In this circuit, the Triac functions as a solid-state relay, providing an AC power supply path to the load. It is designed to achieve high current control signals using a small...
The pre-regulator circuit is connected to a capacitor and a resistor element. The regulator operates in its conducting direction through the input. A capacitor is connected to AC power, and in the blocking direction, it limits the current, allowing...
This circuit generates dual-tone bell ringing similar to most doorbell units. It can be used in various applications beyond just doorbells. Several options will be provided in the notes to accommodate different needs. The circuit, as depicted in the...
Adjust the value of R1 to achieve optimal performance of the LDR sensor. If, in practice, a resistance of 2.2 MΩ still activates the lamp, it is possible to increase the value of R1 to a larger resistance of...
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