Oscillators
This circuit was designed to drive an impact counter, utilizing the ICL8038 as its core component. It is intended for a motor that operates a conveyor, with the motor featuring a feedback system known as a tachogenerator. Only a portion of the circuit is depicted in the accompanying image of the product, referred to as the Tacho Counter. The configuration is based on the application notes provided by Intersil. The voltage generated by the tachogenerator is measured using a digital panel meter (DPM) or digital voltmeter (DVM) and is subsequently fed into the circuit after undergoing attenuation and filtering. The square wave output from the ICL8038 is employed to generate a logic pulse train for a CD4040 counter, which operates at 0 and 12 volts. Additionally, an op-amp based square wave generator is referenced, which serves as a fundamental component in simple PWM circuits and triangle wave oscillators. The slope of the triangle wave is compared to a DC level to produce a pulse width or on-time that is proportional to the voltage. This on-time is determined by a fixed oscillation rate established by capacitors C2 and C3, along with resistor R15. Capacitors C2 and C3 form a non-polarized capacitor configuration, commonly used in crossover networks within speaker systems due to their cost-effectiveness compared to larger capacitors. Furthermore, a circuit for an electronic choke designed for conventional fluorescent lamps is mentioned, which utilizes the MJE13005 high-voltage switching NPN power transistor. This design was particularly popular in earlier applications, with critical considerations given to coil winding and ferrite design. The circuit components, including diodes, NPN transistors, and capacitors, are rated for high voltages ranging from 350V to 1kV, suitable for operating 40W to 60W, five-foot-long fluorescent tubes. This circuit effectively replaces the traditional choke and starter in existing lamp frames. The CD4046 is also noted as a phase-locked loop (PLL) component, consisting of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and phase comparators, primarily utilized in FM modulation and demodulation. It functions in a closed-loop control system to maintain a stable frequency. The circuit serves as a practical example for learning the comprehensive use of a dual-trace oscilloscope, encompassing both analog and digital domains as part of communication systems. Additionally, a simple analog-to-digital interface circuit is described, capable of achieving 10 to 12 bits of resolution. A 10-bit resolution corresponds to 1024 counts of full scale (FS), which approximates to 3.5 digits, allowing for precise readings, such as resolving 1mV for a 1V FS. The capacitors (C6 and others) should be low-leakage plastic multilayer types to ensure reading accuracy, and all resistors must be 1% metal film with a temperature coefficient of 100ppm or better. The design gain of the operational amplifier U1B should be configured according to the desired full-scale output frequency.
The ICL8038 is a precision waveform generator capable of producing sine, square, triangular, and sawtooth waveforms. In this circuit, it is utilized to generate square wave pulses that are essential for timing and control applications. The integration of a tachogenerator provides real-time feedback on the motor's speed, which is crucial for maintaining the desired operational parameters of the conveyor system. The measured voltage from the tachogenerator is conditioned through attenuation and filtering to ensure that the signal fed into the ICL8038 remains within optimal levels for accurate waveform generation.
The CD4040 binary ripple counter is utilized to count the pulses generated by the ICL8038, which translates to the number of impacts detected by the system. The logic pulse train derived from the square wave output is critical for the accurate operation of the counter, allowing it to function correctly at the specified voltage levels of 0 and 12V.
The op-amp based square wave generator provides additional flexibility in generating PWM signals. These PWM signals can be used for controlling the speed of the motor or for other applications requiring variable duty cycles. The triangle wave oscillator's output is integral for comparing against a reference voltage, enabling precise control over the on-time of the PWM signal.
In applications involving fluorescent lamps, the electronic choke circuit designed around the MJE13005 transistor replaces traditional magnetic ballasts, offering improved efficiency and reliability. The careful selection of high-voltage components ensures safe operation under the typical load conditions of fluorescent lighting.
The inclusion of the CD4046 PLL in this design allows for advanced frequency control and stability, making it suitable for applications that require precise modulation and demodulation of signals. The circuit's dual nature, incorporating both analog and digital elements, demonstrates its versatility in communication and control systems.
Overall, this circuit exemplifies a well-rounded approach to integrating various electronic components and principles, showcasing their practical applications in real-world scenarios such as motor control, signal processing, and lighting systems.This was a small circuit made for driving an Impact counter. The heart being ICL8038. It must have been a Motor driving a Conveyor, the motor has a feedback attachment called Tachogenerator. Only part of the circuit is shown here. See the image of product here Tacho Counter. The configuration is derived from the Application Notes of Intersil. The Voltage from Tachogenerator is Measured on a DPM-DVM and also fed to this circuit after attenuation and filtering. The square pulses of 8038 is used to derive a Logic pulse train for a CD4040. The CD4040 works of 0 and 12V. Read More Here is the circuit of a Op-Amp based Square Wave Generator. One of the main application of this is in a Simple PWM circuit and Triangle Opamp Oscillator. The Slope of the Triangle wave is compared with a DC Level to derive a pulse width or On-Time proportional to a Voltage.
This On-Time proportional to voltage is for a fixed oscillation rate based on C2-C3 and R15. The C2-C3 form a Unpolarized cap, This type is also used in crossover networks in speaker boxes. This is because, a plastic 4. 7 uF (2 * 10uF series) is big and costlier, but Read More This is an electronic choke for a Conventional Fluorescent Lamp. This was an application note of MJE13005 a High Voltage Switching NPN Power Transistor. I Might have modified it. This was very popular in the early days, The Coil Winding and Ferrite is very Critical design. The diodes, npn transistor and caps are high voltage 350V-1KV, The tubelight is 40W-60W 5 feet long. This circuit replaced the choke and starter in an existing frame. Read More. Fluorescent Lamp Ballast Electronic Ballasts! 40W Lamp Inverter Compact fluorescent lamp Producing Wound Components Transformer Design ePanorama Transformers Fluorescent Lamp CD4046 is a PLL or phase lock loop, it mainly consists of a VCO and phase comparators.
This is a component in FM demodulation and modulation. It is used in a closed loop control to maintain a stable frequency. The Circuit above is good for learning the full use of a small Dual Trace Scope. The Circuit has both Analog and Digital areas and is a part of communication. Phase-Locked Loop Tutorial, PLL Phase Locked Loop: PLL Tutorial on Digital Phase-Locked Loops Phase Locked Loop Basics Read the pages above for building more Knowledge on PLL This Circuit is a simple Analog to Digital Interface with a capability of 10 to 12 bits resolution. 10 bits means 1024 counts or parts of a full scale FS which is close to 3-1/2 1999 counts. In this 1 V can be read as 1. 000 V that means even 1mV can be resolved for FS of 1V. The Caps C6 and others must be plastic multilayer low-leakage types for accuracy of reading. Use all 1% MFR 100ppm or better resistors, Design gain of U1B for the Full Scale you want. The Output Fout is a Frequency which is directly Read More 🔗 External reference
The ICL8038 is a precision waveform generator capable of producing sine, square, triangular, and sawtooth waveforms. In this circuit, it is utilized to generate square wave pulses that are essential for timing and control applications. The integration of a tachogenerator provides real-time feedback on the motor's speed, which is crucial for maintaining the desired operational parameters of the conveyor system. The measured voltage from the tachogenerator is conditioned through attenuation and filtering to ensure that the signal fed into the ICL8038 remains within optimal levels for accurate waveform generation.
The CD4040 binary ripple counter is utilized to count the pulses generated by the ICL8038, which translates to the number of impacts detected by the system. The logic pulse train derived from the square wave output is critical for the accurate operation of the counter, allowing it to function correctly at the specified voltage levels of 0 and 12V.
The op-amp based square wave generator provides additional flexibility in generating PWM signals. These PWM signals can be used for controlling the speed of the motor or for other applications requiring variable duty cycles. The triangle wave oscillator's output is integral for comparing against a reference voltage, enabling precise control over the on-time of the PWM signal.
In applications involving fluorescent lamps, the electronic choke circuit designed around the MJE13005 transistor replaces traditional magnetic ballasts, offering improved efficiency and reliability. The careful selection of high-voltage components ensures safe operation under the typical load conditions of fluorescent lighting.
The inclusion of the CD4046 PLL in this design allows for advanced frequency control and stability, making it suitable for applications that require precise modulation and demodulation of signals. The circuit's dual nature, incorporating both analog and digital elements, demonstrates its versatility in communication and control systems.
Overall, this circuit exemplifies a well-rounded approach to integrating various electronic components and principles, showcasing their practical applications in real-world scenarios such as motor control, signal processing, and lighting systems.This was a small circuit made for driving an Impact counter. The heart being ICL8038. It must have been a Motor driving a Conveyor, the motor has a feedback attachment called Tachogenerator. Only part of the circuit is shown here. See the image of product here Tacho Counter. The configuration is derived from the Application Notes of Intersil. The Voltage from Tachogenerator is Measured on a DPM-DVM and also fed to this circuit after attenuation and filtering. The square pulses of 8038 is used to derive a Logic pulse train for a CD4040. The CD4040 works of 0 and 12V. Read More Here is the circuit of a Op-Amp based Square Wave Generator. One of the main application of this is in a Simple PWM circuit and Triangle Opamp Oscillator. The Slope of the Triangle wave is compared with a DC Level to derive a pulse width or On-Time proportional to a Voltage.
This On-Time proportional to voltage is for a fixed oscillation rate based on C2-C3 and R15. The C2-C3 form a Unpolarized cap, This type is also used in crossover networks in speaker boxes. This is because, a plastic 4. 7 uF (2 * 10uF series) is big and costlier, but Read More This is an electronic choke for a Conventional Fluorescent Lamp. This was an application note of MJE13005 a High Voltage Switching NPN Power Transistor. I Might have modified it. This was very popular in the early days, The Coil Winding and Ferrite is very Critical design. The diodes, npn transistor and caps are high voltage 350V-1KV, The tubelight is 40W-60W 5 feet long. This circuit replaced the choke and starter in an existing frame. Read More. Fluorescent Lamp Ballast Electronic Ballasts! 40W Lamp Inverter Compact fluorescent lamp Producing Wound Components Transformer Design ePanorama Transformers Fluorescent Lamp CD4046 is a PLL or phase lock loop, it mainly consists of a VCO and phase comparators.
This is a component in FM demodulation and modulation. It is used in a closed loop control to maintain a stable frequency. The Circuit above is good for learning the full use of a small Dual Trace Scope. The Circuit has both Analog and Digital areas and is a part of communication. Phase-Locked Loop Tutorial, PLL Phase Locked Loop: PLL Tutorial on Digital Phase-Locked Loops Phase Locked Loop Basics Read the pages above for building more Knowledge on PLL This Circuit is a simple Analog to Digital Interface with a capability of 10 to 12 bits resolution. 10 bits means 1024 counts or parts of a full scale FS which is close to 3-1/2 1999 counts. In this 1 V can be read as 1. 000 V that means even 1mV can be resolved for FS of 1V. The Caps C6 and others must be plastic multilayer low-leakage types for accuracy of reading. Use all 1% MFR 100ppm or better resistors, Design gain of U1B for the Full Scale you want. The Output Fout is a Frequency which is directly Read More 🔗 External reference
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