For the input and output voltage without isolation but only with a working switch and L, D, C composed of an inverter circuit, its most basic form,
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the following three kinds: step-down converter (Buck Converter), boost transformation device (BoostConverter) and lower / boost: converter (Buck-boost converter). The circuit shown in Fig. 1. Buck Converter As shown in (a), 9 to reduce output ripple at the output of the access inductance L and capacitance C. The figure for the freewheeling diode VD. Buck converter output voltage Vo is always less than the average of the input voltage Vin. Whether continuous inductor current iL, depending on the parameter value the switching frequency filter inductor L and capacitor C. When the higher operating frequency of the circuit, if the inductance of inductor values and capacitor capacitance is large enough, and after an ideal element, the circuit 9 may be considered steady state output voltage constant. When the transistor VT conduction, the inductor current rises linearly; when the transistor VT off, the inductor current can not mutation induced electromotive force on the diode conduction. At steady state, the storm maintained a filter inductor DC component, eliminating the harmonic components, so the average value of the output current Io = Vo / RL ;, where RL is the load resistor. 2. Boost Converter Figure (b) shows a boost converter which converts the power transistors VT, the energy storage inductance L, capacitance C and filter diode VD composition. When the transistor VT turned on, the power supply to the inductive energy storage, the inductor current increases, the electromotive force of the left positive and right negative polarity, the load capacitance C power song. When VT ended, the inductor current decreases, the polarity of the induced electromotive force negative right to left, the inductor releases energy, together with the input voltage via a diode VD power to the load while charging the capacitor C. Thus the high voltage and low voltage direct current into direct current. 3. down / step-up converter Figure (c) shows the reduction / boost converter, the output voltage Vo is greater than or less than the average value of the input voltage Vin, which is of opposite polarity.
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