FM Radio Circuits
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The first part of this article series discusses commonly known definitions most crucial for high-speed data converters (in this case analog-to-digital converter or short ADCs) used in communications, instrumentation and data acquisition applications. The.... -
This in-depth article covers the theory behind a Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It specifically focuses on the difficult to understand key digital concepts of over-sampling, noise shaping, and decimation filtering. A description of new....
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Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) represent the link between analog and digital worlds in receivers, test equipment and other electronic devices. As outlined in Part 1 of this article series, a number of key dynamic parameters provide an accurate....
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White LEDs are popular for portable equipment LCD backlights because they are less complex, less expensive, and smaller than CCFL backlights. Portable equipment like PDAs, cellphones, and digital cameras require backlights because they are converting to....
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The compact circuit (Figure 1) overcomes these problems. The regulated buck/boost charge pump in a small µMAX package (U1) has a 100mA output-current capability. Configured as shown, the circuit directly regulates bias current flowing through the white LED.....
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This application note describes how LEDs (including white LEDs) work. The note also explains how to drive them in battery-powered LED applications, including lithium-ion (Li+ or Li-ion), nickel-cadmium (NiCd), and nickel metal-hydride (NiMH) rechargeable....
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Below is a proof of concept circuit which needs improvement. The part values shown will run a high efficiency red LED with a Vf of 1.9V from only 2 nicads, right down to 2 volts. For a white LED you will need more batteries and you must increase the 1.0K.... -
Maxim/Dallas > Designer`s Library > App Notes > DISPLAY DRIVERS Keywords: Single FET Controls 2nd LED Array in Switch-Mode LED Backlight Related Parts APP 1871: Feb 03, 2003 Download, PDF FormatDownload, PDF Format (29kB) APPLICATION....
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This antenna is made from 1/2" copper tubing and it is soldered together with plumbing tees, elbows, and nipples....
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Only one channel is shown, both channels are identical. The input and output RF filter coils and capacitors should be build on the RCA jacks, keep the leads short and use coax to run the signals to the circuitry. The circuit should be build inside of a metal....
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This is a prototype of the WA4DSY 56KB RF modem. It is intended for use on amateur packet radio networks. The modem generates RF in the 28 to 30 mhz range and requires and linear transverter to convert the signal to a UHF or microwave ham band. The digital....
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Fan-control circuits range from simple switches that boost the fan speed at a certain temperature, to digitally controlled fans with continuously-variable speed. High-speed/low-speed switches are inexpensive, but the sound of sudden speed changes can be....
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This is the construction guide for the 5301 wideband fuel mixture display kit. The 5301 is the Tech Edge version (rather than the Jaycar version) of the modified Silicon Chip FMD design, and it features, compared to the original kit, double sided PCBs a new.... -
Figure 1 shows the block diagram for the NTE789. The input signal form the detector is amplified by a lowdistortion preamplifier and simultaneously applied to both signal, generated by a local voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO), is counted down by two....
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Uses the MAX641 switching controller and an external discrete charge pump to step up the input voltage. This circuit can service low loads and is efficient when the output is two, three, four times the input voltage. Adding the MAX627 MOS driver can further....
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FM Wireless Mike can transmit voice signals to any FM Radio receiver 100 meters away. The circuit is basically a frequency modulated transmitter working at 100 MHz. The frequency of the transmitter can be varied slightly by changing the trimmer C5. You can.... -
The FM broadcast band was moved immediately after World War II from its original spot just below 50 Mc to the present 88-108 Mc band. Hallicrafters was one company to offer receiving converters for those who had the old FM radio sets. The offerings.... -
I designed this circuit. It can be connected to an FM tuner to play FM stations on an AM radio... -
This project and your efforts will provide you with a 0.55...3 watt input to easily 10 watt output. The two linear amplifiers are ment for use with QRP SSB/CW/FM/AM transmitters on the amateur bands 15 and 17 meters can be powered from a 12 volt DC supply..... -
This stereo encoder is a halfway between analogue and digital processing. It combines the best from both domains to provide high-quality and easy to build device. The sampling frequency used in this stereo encoder is 97 times (!!!) higher than the pilot tone.... -
This small receiver with reduced range (weight 9g, dimensions 32 x 25 mm) is suitable for slow-flyer, little boats, etc... -
This bug can be attached to anything from a glider to a pot plant and you can track it with a radio. Why track a pot plant? The Beeper is the result of many requests for a mini tracking device and introduces a new world of tracking. The circuit is very.... -
This FM transmitter has a number of features, with a volume control to adjust the input level and a small, neat box to make it easier to attach to a guitar. The volume control is positioned at the end and when turned up fully, the transmitter provides fuzz.... -
This Field Strength Meter has been specially designed for our FM bugs. It is capable of detecting very low power transmitters and will assist enormously in peaking many of our FM transmitters that have a coil in the output stage that can be adjusted for.... -
The LED power Meter is a simple RF detector using diodes to charge a capacitor. The voltage developed across the capacitor is indicated by a multimeter set to a low voltage range. The circuit is soldered together without the need for a PC board, as can be.... -
The circuit consists of three stages, an electret microphone, an audio amplifier and an RF oscillator. The electret microphone consists of only two parts - a FET transistor and a plastic diaphragm. There is nothing else inside the case. The 3-leaded FET has.... -
Is a 100 to 200 metre (100 to 200yds) device having a very stable performance. It can be used as a hand held microphone or left on a shelf to pick up the sounds in a room. It has many interesting features. These will be fully described in the article. One.... -
What got me interested in building these diminutive devices is the S3FM connector assembly made by Switchcraft. The S3FM is simply a 3.5-inch tube fitted with a male XLR at one end and a female at the other, with enough room in the middle to build a mike.... -
Take care with transmitter circuits. It is illegal in most countries to operate radio transmitters without a license. Although only low power this circuit may be tuned to operate over the range 87-108MHz with a range of 20 or 30 metres... -
A portable FM transmitter that can be used to replace a FM microphone. This simple transmitter operates from a 9V battery as shown above. I personally built this for a purpose. This is how it happened:- "members of my singing group find it difficult to.... -
This circuit is about as good as it gets for generating morse code tones. It may be used as a code practice oscillator, a tone generator for a keyer, a sidetone oscillator for a CW transmitter or an audio Modulated CW (MCW) generator for an FM transmitter or....
New Circuits
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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