The Flip-Flop Robot drives forward until it hits an obstacle, and then reverses until it hits another obstacle. This back-and-forth process continues indefinitely. By limiting the functionality to this very rudimentary behavior, it can be generated from an off-the-shelf chip instead of requiring a fancy microcontroller. Thus, this is a good robot
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project for beginners. Avid fans of Robot Room will recognize the 7474 chip from the Laser Control project. This chip has two independent one-bit memory cells. You can read all of the operational details and see a movie in that article. Briefly, the 7474 has a set (pin 10) and a clear (pin 13). The rear bumper switches are connected to the clear pin. When the rear bumper is pressed, the chip`s output (pin 9) is cleared (0V). This output connects to the motor driver chip and makes the robot drive forward. The function of the 7474 is to remember the output state even after the bumper is released. The front bumper switches are connected to the set pin. When the front bumper is pressed, the chip`s output (pin 9) is set (5V), rather than clear (0V). This commands the motor driver chip to drive the motor backwards. The 7474 remembers this new output. An oddity of the 7474 chip is that the set and clear pins are activated by a low (GND 0V) signal. Therefore, resistors R4 and R5 provide a high (5V) signal by default, so that the chip will not normally think that the set or clear pins are being activated. The bumper switches connect the appropriate pin to 0V when pressed, to activate the set or clear feature. The power switch (SW1) connects the circuit to the battery when turned on. The diode (D1) prevents electricity from flowing in the wrong direction if the batteries are inserted backwards. Current is only allowed to flow in the...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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