Here is my Sputnik QSO Party transmitter prototype. The RF output power is 450mW with 70Vdc @ 14. 4mA on the V2 anode. The V2 screen (G2) current is 1. 6mA. The V1 anode current is 1. 05mA with 45Vdc @ 176uA at the screen (G2). These little vacuum tubes arecapable performers, however, for long-life operation it`s important toheed the maximum electrod
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eratings as shown on the datasheets (links given below). The simple MOPA (Master-Oscillator -> Power-Amplifier) vacuum-tube radio transmitter circuit shown below was well-known in the mid-1950`s. A crystal-controlled Pierce oscillator drives a Class-C PA. The PA grid bias is derived from rectified PA grid current (thus; never run the PA stage without the oscillator drive signal present!). The CW keying and transmit/receive switching circuitry are not shown in the circuit below. Please click here to listen to a strong-signal recording of the original Sputnik-1. The oscillator signal bleed-though during "key-up" intervals is clearly audible. This implies that the oscillator stage was allowed to run continuously. Presumably, only the power amplifier (PA) stage was keyed on/off. As such, I plan to only key my PA stage (via the anode supply or perhaps using grid-block keying). My oscillator will be switched off only while I`m receiving signals. A low-pass filter may be required between the Pi-network impedance matching circuit and the antenna. I have not yet checked the RF output spectrum, however the inherent Pi-network 2nd harmonic attenuation is only ~28dB. The value of C1 may have to be adjusted for your particular circuit layout. This capacitor helps both to maintain the optimum level of oscillator feedback and provide the proper loading capacitance for the quartz crystal resonator. The drawing below shows the original...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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