Although ceramic resonators are a good choice for low-power, low-frequency clock sources (if you can stand their 30-ppm te
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mperature coefficient), they have troublesome, spurious-resonance modes. This circuit rejects all but the resonator"s fundamental mode. This clock circuit works from -40 to +80°C and consumes only 2.8 mW. The rising edge of resonator Y1 toggles IC1A low. ac-coupled positive feedback from IC1D via CI and RI immediately confirms this state change at IC1B so that Miller loading, harmonic components, or below-minimum rise times at IC1A cannot force IC1C to relapse to its previous state. This tactic also applies to resonator Yl"s falling edge because IC1C, via C2 and R2, holds IC1B high. Choose time constants iiCi, and R2C2 to be equal and ranging from 60 to 75% of one-half of the clock"s period. Ceramic capacitors (10% tolerance) with X7R dielectric work well. With these time constants, the logic will be locked and unavailable to the ceramic resonator until just before it executes a legitimate transition. IC1D and IC1C are in parallel to isolate the resonator from external loads and, more importantly, from C2.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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