RF Remote Control Switch Rx-Tx circuits


Posted on Jun 13, 2017

This circuit consists of a 2048 radio remote control transmitter and the corresponding wireless receiver with very high reception sensitivity and low consumption. The combination of the two above gives a high-reliability remote control, ideal for security systems, alarms, automation, etc. At home, in the car and elsewhere. Using the wireless remote control system is done by simply pressing the button on the transmitter. Its operation is based on the use of radio waves that offers advantages over other modes of remote control such as the most common infrared rays, giving us a wider range of operation and smaller problems when sending the signal through physical obstacles that may be between transmitter and receiver. Any mechanism such as a garage door, an alarm system or any other industrial automation can be easily connected to the relay output, making it easy to use and control any desired devices.


RF Remote Control Switch Rx-Tx circuits
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The reliability and security offered by the transmitter and receiver co-operation is sufficient. The 2048 code combinations from the dip switches on the one hand and the integrated digital encoder of the transmitter on the other, make this remote control system absolutely safe as it will only be activated when the transmitter and receiver have exactly the same codes. The operating range of the system is about 80 meters (in open air).


The technical characteristics of the transmitter are:

  • Power supply: 12V DC (Battery)
  • Power consumption: 12mA max
  • Operating frequency: 320-360MHz
  • Range: 60-80m (in visual contact)
  • Codes: 2048
  • LED action indicator:

 

Description of the transmitter circuit:

The radio remote control transmitter supports its operation on the integrated IC1 (coding) circuit and the Q1 transducer that is the oscillator. Integrated IC1 is an digital encoder in a 18pin MOS / LSI shell. The only external components needed are the resistor R1 and the capacitor C2 for the internal timing.

The broadcast code is determined by the dip switches which give 2048 codes, thus ensuring high security standards. Each switch specifies a bit of 0.96 msec. The bits of the 12 switches define a digital word of duration (0.96 x 12) 11.52 msec. This digital word forms the RF oscillator. This oscillator is Colpitts type and its frequency is determined by the coil L1 and the variable capacitor C4.

Variable capacitor C4 sets the transmit frequency so that it is the same as the frequency set to receive the radio remote control receiver. The C3 capacitor serves to generate positive feedback on the RF oscillator to achieve maintenance of the oscillations.

Chock F1 prevents the RF frequency of the oscillator from entering the supply voltage of the integrated circuit IC1 and causing problems. Capacitor C1 helps decoupling the transmitter's supply voltage. Finally, the LED gives a visual indication of the transmitter operation every time the transmit button is pressed with S1.

 

The components for the transmitter:

R1 = 1MΩ
R2 = 33KΩ
C1 = 1nF CERAMIC
C2 = 47pF CERAMIC
C3 = 3.3pF CERAMIC
C4 = 2-10pF Trimmer
F1 = 1 μH chuck
IC1 = UM3750
S1 = push button on
D1 = Led
Q1 = BF199 NPN TRANSISTOR


 

Connections - Transmitter Operation:

Install a 12V miniature battery, taking care for the correct polarity position. Power supply the remote control receiver. Place the code from the dipswitch switches, which should of course be the same on both the transmitter and the receiver. Advance the transmitter within a distance of about one meter from the reception by pressing the S1 button. With a plastic screwdriver, rotate the variable capacitor C4 slowly until the relay in the receiver is energized.

At this point the transmission frequency is the same as the reception. For best results and for longer range, use the test terminals of the receiver. Connect a DC voltmeter. With the transmitter approximately one meter apart and holding down the transmit button, adjust the variable capacitor C4 with a plastic screwdriver so that the voltmeter shows the minimum value of about 2 - 2.5V. Then the transmission and reception frequencies are the same.

transmitter circuit

The schematic diagram of RC Transmitter

 

Technical Characteristics of the Receiver:

  • Operating voltage: 11 - 14V DC
  • Power consumption: 12mA at 30mA (max)
  • Operating frequency: 320 - 360 MHz
  • 2048 different broadcast codes
  • Relay contacts: 250V / 2A
  • Remote control range 80m with visual contact
  • Direct collaboration with the transmitter


 

Receiver Circuit Function Explanation:

The electronic circuit diagram of the receiver, consists of 5 transistors, 3 integrated, and a plurality of resistors, capacitors and other auxiliary components. Q1 transistor is the main high frequency amplifier (RF amplifier). This boost step has the input antenna and the type of transistor it uses (BFR96) ensures high gain (18 - 20 dB) with very low noise (2 dB), which is necessary for the receiver.

The amplified antenna signal from the output of Q1 via capacitor C2 is driven to Q2 which is in a common base circuit. Although this link does not provide the maximum amplification, it provides us with an excellent fit between RF transistor Q1 and transistor Q3.

Transistor Q3 is the main receiver used as a oscillator-mixer and overcurrent detector. The receiving frequency is determined by the coordinated LC circuit that forms the coil L1 and the capacitor C10. C8 capacitor keeps the oscillations in transistor Q3. The F1 chock on the transducer Q3 reduces any external noise and signals that would likely cause reception problems by reducing the sensitivity of this segment.

The signal from the output of transistor Q3 and after being demodulated by the high reception frequency is led to the two power amplifiers A1 and A2 which, after amplifying it, filter and modulate it properly lead it through the resistor R20 to the integrated IC3 which will make the decoding at the received signal.

At the same time, however, the output of the power amplifier A1 through the R19 resistor gives us a control point and adjustment of the transmitter. Thus, at any time, we can check whether the transmitting frequency is the same as the receiver receives using a frequency meter. The IC3 integrates the decoding of the input signal. The only external components needed for its operation are resistance R21 and capacitor C15 for the internal timing.

The termination code is determined by 12 short positions (J1 - J10) through a 10-position dip switch and two permanent short-circuits on the IC3 integrated poles 11 and 12. The IC3 integrated circuit just accepts 4 times the code that specifies J1 - J10 activates its output. Thus we have drastically reduced possibilities of interaction between adjacent remote control systems.

The receiving code should be exactly the same as the broadcast code in order to enable the output of the integrated IC3 circuit. As soon as the integrated IC3 circuit is activated its output (pin 17) switches from HIGH to LOW.

This state disables the transistor Q4 resulting in a positive voltage being applied by the resistor R23 at one end of the S1 switch and the IC4 terminal clock. The output of the integrated IC4 (pin 1) which is a flip flop feeds the other end of switch S1 via resistor R1.

Switch S1 determines output states depending on activation of remote control receiver. In the ON-OFF position it activates the RL relay (via transistor Q5) only for as long as the receiver receives the correct signal from the transmitter (momentarily). If the switch is in the ON position and the receiver receives the correct activation signal it activates the RL relay (again via transistor Q5). The relay is switched off as soon as the receiver receives a new (and correct reception code) signal. Diode D1 protects transistor Q5 from reverse currents generated by the RL relay coil during operation.

Finally, the IC2 integrated circuit is a voltage stabilizer at + 8V DC which feeds the entire receiver circuit with the exception of the output stage (transistor Q5 and RL relay) giving the receiver circuit constant operating voltages under different supply voltages to ensure high Reliability of the circuit. The D2 diode protects the circuit from any inverse voltages coming from the power supply circuit.

The Components for the receiver

R1,R7,R8,R9,R13,R14,R22,R23 = 10KΩ
R2 = 47KΩ
R3,R5,R24 = 1KΩ
R4 = 270Ω
R6,R12,R16,R17 = 4,7KΩ
R10 = 3,3KΩ
R11 = 470Ω
R15 = 2.2MΩ
R18,R21 = 1MΩ
R19 = 4.7Ω
R20 = 12KΩ
C1,C2 = 270pF CERAMIC
C3,C13,C14 = 10μF/16V ELECTROLYTIC
C4 = 680pF CERAMIC
C5,C9 = 100pF CERAMIC
C6 = 2.7pF CERAMIC
C7,C11,C16 = 1nF CERAMIC
C8 = 3,3pF CERAMIC
C10 = 2,7pF CERAMIC
C12 = 4,7nF CERAMIC
C15 = 47pF CERAMIC
C17,C18 = 100nF MKT
C19 = 220μF/25V ELECTROLYTIC
C20 = 15nF CERAMIC
F1 = 1μH chock (BROWN-BLACK-GOLD)
D1,D2 = IN4007
Q1,Q2 = BFR96 NPN
Q3 = BF199 NPN
Q4, Q5 = BC548, BC547 NPN
IC1 = LM358
IC2 = LM7808 Regulator
IC3 = UM3750
IC4 = CD4013 flip-flop
RL = relay 12V (250/2A contacts)

 

Construction - Operation - Receiver settings:

The coil L1 is made of 1mm silver wire and forms two reversed "U" when mounted on the board. Its height is 6mm while its length is 8mm.

Attach a piece of 20-30cm wire for antenna. Connect the receiver power supply and set the S1 switch to ON, then set the same code as the transmitter (from the dip switch).

If the operating frequency (set by the transmitter) is the same between the transmitter and the receiver and the receiver code is identical to that of the transmitter, then the relay will be switched on by leaving the transmitter button the relay is deactivated. If the operating frequency is not the same between the transmitter and receiver, set the transmit frequency again to match the receiving frequency of the receiver.

This setting is as follows: With the transmitter approximately one meter apart and holding down the transmit button, adjust the variable capacitor C4 of the transmitter with a plastic screwdriver so that the voltmeter connected to the receiver shows the minimum value. At this point the transmit and receive frequencies are the same.

Happy soldering ;)





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