This circuit takes the outputs from two different 555 multivibrators and combines them using a summing Op Amp. Shown only to depict another implementation of a 555 timer, most of the back ground calculations being covered under the other topics in this section. The standard configuration for a 555 Astable multivibrator is shown to the left. The ci
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rcuit is shown again to reference the next schematic which contains two individual astable circuits. Resistors R1 and R2 in combination with capacitor C1 select the output frequency, however the frequency is not relevant to the following discussion [adding two outputs together]. This is one topic of a number covering the 555 timer, with this page covering a combination of 555 timers and operational amplifiers. The circuit is composed of three ICs; two 555 timers and an operational amplifier. However a dual 556 timer could have been used, but a single 555 timer was used to provide the same pin out given on the other pages covering the 555. The operational amplifier, which is labeled Adder, could be almost any Op Amp including a single, dual or quad package; although only one amplifier is required. The circuit consists of two individual pulse generators, operating at different pulse widths, and connected to a three input summing amplifier. The third input shows a symbol for a pulse generator, and only depicts the fact that any number of inputs could be used The timers could be set to operate at the same pulse rate, but that couldn`t serve much purpose, as there addition wouldn`t change anything. The addition of two identical waveform produces the same output as the input, but at a different voltage level. However if the output was required to be at a different voltage level the Vcc could just be taken to a higher voltage,...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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