The schematic diagram of the MS Decoder may look complicated but is actually quite simple. Both the Mid and Side signals are initially buffered by unity gain inverting buffers formed around IC1b and IC2 b. This is necessary for two reasons, first to ensure enough drive current for the following sections. Second, the final summing sections invert t
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he signal, to achieve zero phase shift through the unit, one more stage of phase inversion is required. The Mid signal goes to level control potentiometer R15. It is then fed equally to the left and right summing amplifiers, which are formed around the two sections of IC3. The use of R15 (and R16) is to allow adjustment of the relative levels of the mid/side levels independent of the mic-pre gain setting. This is useful for directly feeding a recording device. The Side signal has a little different path. After initial buffering, it is fed to the right summing amplifier via one section of dual potentiometer R16. It is also fed to a unity gain inverter formed by IC2a and its associated resistors. This inverted signal goes to the other half of the dual ganged potentiometer section. Then it is summed into the left channel via IC3a. One section of IC1 is not used. Both of its inputs are tied to ground to keep any thing strange from happening. OK, so what are R19 and R20 doing That is an interesting question. These are there to load down R16 so that when the levels of the Side signal are adjusted the potentiometer gives the same feel as the Mid level adjustment potentiometer R15. The op-amp summing sections are virtual grounds. This means that signals entering the op-amp see a load equal to the input resistor. All of these are 10K resistors. The Mid potentiometer feeds two of these so it is presented with a 5K load. To make the...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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