As the continuous growth of global vehicle production and owned, the problems brought by vehicles are conspicuousness day after day. These problems are much more serious in China. Thus developing zero emission electric vehicles have become the main scientific research projects in many countries around the world in 21st century. Energy-saving motor drive technology
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has become one of the key points to the EV commercialization. In the present electric vehicles, there are several main drive systems include the chopping system of DC motor, the variable frequency drive system of induction motor(IM), the drive system of permanent-magnet motor(PM) and switched reluctance drive system(SRM), etc. The DC machine has been faded gradually in the electric vehicle drive system for the reason of high startup current, huge volume, low efficiency and poor reliability. Even worse, the carbon body and the commutator which are not suited for high speed movement need to be changed frequently. The variable frequency drive system of IM has a small torque fluctuation, but with low efficiency especially in the low speed stage. When the electric vehicle is grade climbing, the torque output is small and the current is high. Although the permanent-magnet motor is of high efficiency, the manufacturing technique is very complicated and the machine will lose effectiveness because of the demagnetization in high temperature. So it is not the perfect way. The structure of the SR Motor is firmly and stable. The SRD system has a high reliability, wide range of speed regulation, high efficiency, low startup current and large torque output, all of which are especially suited for the work condition of the electric vehicles. The application of SRD on electric vehicles is affected by the torque fluctuation and strong noise....
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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