One approach to generating sine waves is to filter a square If a lower distortion oscillator is needed the circuit in Figure wave This leaves only the sine wave fundamental as the 2 can be used Instead of driving the tuned circuit with a output Since a square wave is easily amplitude stabilized by square wave a symmetrically clipped sine wave is used clipping the sine wave output is also amplitude stabilized A.
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The clipped sine wave of course has less distortion than a clipping oscillator eliminates the problems encountered with square wave and yields a low distortion output when filtered agc stabilized oscillators such as those using Wein bridges This circuit is not as tolerant of component values as the Additionally since there is no slow agc loop the oscillator one shown in Figure 1 To insure oscillation it is necessary starts quickly and reaches final amplitude within a few cy- that sufficient signal is applied to the zeners for clipping to cles occur Clipping about 20% of the sine wave is usually a good value The level of clipping must be high enough to C1 e C2 Frequency Adjust Amplitude Adjust 1 F0 j 2 q C 1 0R 3 R 1 TL H 8466 1 FIGURE 1 Easily Tuned Sine Wave Oscillator The circuit in Figure 1 will provide both a sine and square insure oscillation over the entire tuning range If the clipping wave output for frequencies from below 20 Hz to above 20 is too small it is possible for the circuit to cease oscillation kHz The frequency of oscillation is easily tuned by varying a due to tuning component aging or temperature changes single resistor This is a considerable advantage over Wein Higher clipping levels increase distortion As with the circuit bridge circuits where two elements must be tuned simulta- in Figure 1 this circuit is self-starting neously to change frequency Also the output amplitude is Table I shows the...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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