The Global Positioning System (GPS) relies on more than two dozen GPS satellites orbiting the Earth. Each satellite transmits signals including a very precise clock plus satellite position information that allows a GPS receiver to determine its location, speed and direction. A GPS receiver calculates its position by measuring the distance between
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itself and three or more GPS satellites. Because the signal from the GPS satellite travels at a known speed, measuring the time delay between transmission and reception of each GPS radio signal allows the receiver to calculate the distance to each satellite. By determining the position of, and distance to, at least three satellites, the receiver can compute its position. GPS receivers typically do not have perfectly accurate clocks and therefore track one or more additional satellites to correct the receiver`s clock error. The GPS signal is circularly polarized with a typical center frequency of 1. 575 gigahertz. For best results, an active antenna amplifies the signal before delivering it via a coaxial cable to the GPS receiver. The GPS antenna should be mounted in a position that has a clear view of the sky so that the satellite signals can be received. GPS receivers typically do not work inside buildings, and may have trouble in vehicles or areas where the view of the sky is obstructed by tall buildings or dense foliage. Operating in urban areas can confuse the receiver due to signal reflections off buildings that result in multipath effects that lengthen the time it takes for a signal to reach the receiver, causing errors in the reported position. Some GPS receivers have a built-in Wide Area Augmentation System, or WAAS, that improves accuracy using a network of ground stations to provide additional information to the...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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